Life in the Country Verse Life in the City

Life in the City VS. Life in the Country Even though amenities are more accessible when you live in a big city, it is healthier to live in the country because of the differences in culture and the surroundings. It is healthier and safer to live in the country rather than in the city for a number of reasons, one being that there is less congestion out in the country. With congestion and over population of a city brings gangs and violence. With gangs come drugs, killings, and murders.People become very territorial when a space is over crowed or congested. It was reported that last year in the first week of summer in Battle Creek, Michigan, there was a total of 13 shootings all related to either gangs or drugs. When you live out in the country there are less people living right on top of each other. There isn’t a large amount of crime and acts of violence, because people have their space and they respect others space as well. They don’t feel as though they have to fight to keep what they have because there is plenty to go around.With that being said it is my personal opinion that with more space there is less drama that would build up the kinds of animosity that would make someone want to commit murder. Which is why growing up in the country I can’t remember a time when we had to make certain that our doors and windows were locked, that goes for both our home and our vehicles. Not only is there an increase in crime there is also an increase in pest, rodents, and critters. There are more cases of cockroach infestations in a larger city then there is out in the country that is all because of the congestion.Having to live with cockroaches creates a major health hazard because of the risks posed by cockroach antigens for people who suffer from asthma, also because they carry disease-causing germs. Some of the methods people traditionally use to eliminate them cause additional health hazards. Pesticides are never healthy to breathe in to even inges t. If you put down bate to kill them you risk them tracking it all over your home. If you have pets you have to worry about them consuming it before the cockroaches.Another way people commonly try to treat a cockroach infestation is to bomb their house. There is a reason you can’t be home for this kind of treatment, and why you need to open all the windows in your home at least an hour before you can return. It is very harmful to breathe in. Cockroach antigens are made up of proteins that can be found in the insect’s saliva, feces, eggs, and shredded cuticles. These antigens can cause allergic reactions and asthmatic episodes when they are inhaled because they are airborne.According to health house, â€Å"A large study supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has demonstrated conclusively that the combination of cockroach allergy and exposure to the insects is an important cause of asthma-related illness and hospitalizations among children in U. S. inner-city areas. † There is a major difference in the surroundings that can affect a person’s health from living in a larger city versus living in the country. The food that we consume in a larger city is so full of preservatives and additives. There are more fast food restaurants available for a quick meals.Some of the side effects of eating out and ordering in all of the time include high cholesterol, and clogged arteries. The majority of foods found out in the country are organic, because they are home grown. Living in the country as a child we always had a garden with fresh vegetables. Another difference is the air that we breathe when living in a larger city, because there are so many fast food chains and factories, there is higher pollution in the air. For extremely larger cities like Chongqing, Beijing, and Shanghai they have smog alerts where you have to wear a protective mask to prevent you from breathing in harmful pollutants.When you live in the country you’re not at risk of this because there aren’t as many factories creating these pollutants, so the air is crisp and fresh. The worst thing you have to worry about in the country is when farmers lay down the fertilizer for their crops that is an unpleasant smell. One good thing about living in a larger city as opposed to living out in the country would be that there are hospitals. When you live out in the country there aren’t as many hospitals available to you.Just like with everything else there is so much more open space and less people, which create less reasons and finances to have a hospital, because there are fewer reasons for health risks and that you are less likely to have to rush off to an emergency room, doesn’t mean that there shouldn’t be one close by you never know what might happen. A farmer might get his hand caught in a machine while trying to perform routine maintenance. A child could ingest some sort of chemicals s uch as pesticides. This would have to be the only down fall I can see about life in the country versus living in a large city.However for an extreme emergency there is always an option of having an air lift. You can also still call 911 and have an ambulance out to your place maybe even sometimes faster than if you were living in the city just because there is less traffic. There are always going to be things that challenge our health, wellness, and survival; however, the risks are higher living in the city as opposed to living in the country for two main reasons. First when living in the city there is so much more congestion, overcrowding, and diversity that can bring out the worst in people; in this case, the worst of these brought out are drugs and violence.When you live out in the country you don’t have to worry about these kinds of things as much. The second thing that challenges our health and wellness is what we consume. The air that we breathe to the nourishment we giv e to our bodies. We are not perfect but the little things that we can change to improve our situation the closer we can come to optimal health and wellness. References americanlungassociation. com battlecreekenquire. com healthhouse. com

Enron and Arthur Anderson LLP Essay

1 – What were the business risks Enron faced, and how did those risks increase the likelihood of material misstatements in Enron’s financial statements? The business risks that Enron faced included foreign currency risks and price instability, which is common for the energy industry. In addition, Enron faced pressure to perform well so that the stock price would rise. These risks increased the likelihood of material misstatements in the financial statements for several reasons. Since Enron operated in other countries, there would be a foreign currency risks and those could lead to gains/losses not being properly calculated or accrued on hedging activities. By operating in foreign countries, there are political risks such as policy changes, lack of understanding of culture and business practices. The biggest risk is having the pressure to report good financial results. The deals with the special purpose entities (â€Å"SPE’s†) depended on a high stock price. The company used its stock as collateral if the stock price fell below a certain price. At that point, Enron would have to use the stock to pay out the investors. The company also had pressure from its business partners to perform well and meet it’s future obligations. If the company performed poorly, the investors may hesitate to do business with Enron. 3 – In your own words, summarize how Enron used SPEs to hide large amounts of company debt. Enron created SPE’s (usually other LLP’s) in order to create cash inflow but did not record the investments and related liabilities (the loans used to create the SPE). Enron used outside investors to secure the new SPE’s. The new investors would bear the risk of the investment and Enron used its company stock as collateral to entice the investors and saying that Enron would basically bear the risk if the investment should turn sour. Enron used large investment bankers to take loans but these looked more like hedging  activities instead of debt. Once the stock price began to drop, and Enron was losing money, they were unable to use their stock to cover the losses. To put it simply, a company sells a product for a stellar price to another entity. However, that entity doesn’t have the cash flow to buy the product. So, the seller issues a loan to the buyer in order to sell the product. Now if the buyer defaults on the loan, the seller loses the cash it lent out and the product it sold. This is how Enron set up the SPE’s, and they used the large investment banks to hold the loans that should have been reported on Enron’s balance sheet. 4 – What are the auditor independence issues surrounding the provision of external auditing services, internal auditing services, and management consulting services for the same client? Develop arguments for why auditors should be allowed to perform these services for the same client. Develop separate arguments for why auditors should not be allowed to perform non- audit services for their audit clients. What do you believe? The independence issues that arise when an auditor provides external auditing, internal auditing and management consulting services include whether or not the auditors can be independent and exercise good professional judgment when it comes to the audit. The auditors should not be affected by any influences that would impede their professional judgment. If the auditor is performing all of the functions, then how can they remain unbiased during the external audit? Arguments for why auditors should be allowed to perform these services for the same client include: Auditors can increase audit realization by becoming more efficient during the external audit since they would be basically auditing their own work. When auditors find material weaknesses or significant deficiencies, they can use their consulting role to improve these issues. Auditors would already have a good working relationship with the client and be able to save time on the procedures performed as opposed to having to â€Å"start fresh† with a new engagement client. Arguments for why auditors should not be allowed to perform these services for the same client include: Auditors may not be able to act independently, and may not use the best professional judgment when performing the external audit. The company should hire it’s own internal auditor’s to ensure that the staff understand the company’s accounting procedures. This also helps the external auditor as it give the external auditor another viewpoint when assessing fraud risks. The internal auditors are apart of those charged with governance and that helps take the pressure off of the external auditor if a fraud should be discovered. 5 – Explain how â€Å"rules-based† accounting standards differ from â€Å"principles-based† standards. How might fundamentally changing accounting standards from bright-line rules to principle- based standards help prevent another Enron-like fiasco in the future? Some argue that the trend toward adoption of international accounting standards represents a move toward more â€Å"principles-based† standards. Are there dangers in removing â€Å"bright-line† rules? What difficulties might be associated with such a change? Rule based accounting standards are difference from principle based standards in that rule based standards are just that – rules. For instance, the Internal Revenue code is rule based. There are things you can do and things you can’t. When rules are broken, there is a specific â€Å"punishments† that are to be enforced. Principle based accounting standards are more like guidelines and can be open to interpretation. Auditors are given a bit of leeway and are told to use their â€Å"professional judgment†. This also means that the auditors should exercise good judgment and have high moral and ethical standards. Principle based rules can prevent another Enron-like fiasco because it hold  the accountant and auditors to a higher standards than â€Å"just following the code†. Sometimes the code has loopholes, which is what allowed Enron to create the SPE’s in the first place, and the company can rely on that. However, if auditors are required to hold themselves to a higher moral and ethical code, then they may not be swayed by a company’s questionable practices, even if they are following the letter of the law. If â€Å"bright line† rules are not relied on at all, and only principle based rules are followed, then the interpretation of these principles can cause issues such as aggressive accounting treatments such as in the Enron case. If there are no hard rules, then companies can say that the aggressive accounting treatments are not prohibited.

Dementia in the world Essay

Alongside traditional A Levels in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, QMC offers an A Level in Applied Science. This is an ideal course for pupils who have studied the GCSE Applied Science and who are interested in a science based career. COURSE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS General entry requirements are 5/6 GCSEs at C or above to include Double Science, English and Mathematics. WHAT KIND OF JOB/DEGREE CAN THIS SUBJECT LEAD TO? Success in the A Level will enable you to apply for work in science based companies, the NHS or apply for Foundation degrees at university such as: FdSc Applied Medical Technology FdSc Medical Imaging (Radiography Technician) FdSc Medicines Management (Pharmacy Technician) FdSc Oncological Therapies (Oncology and Radiography Technician) FdSc Paramedic Science, currently available at Portsmouth DURING THE AS COURSE YOU WILL STUDY THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: In the AS year you will be studying 3 units which cover all 3 sciences. Two of the units are assessed by portfolio with the third unit being assessed by examination. This course is therefore best suited to students who find producing a steady flow of written reports preferable to sitting several exams at the end of the year. The portfolio units look at how science is put to use in the workplace. You will visit a range of local organisations and see science in action. Back at College you will learn how to carry out some of the techniques that scientists use at work and write reports about issues relevant to the use of science. As you go you will build up a portfolio of evidence of your growing skills. The examined unit focuses on the use of science in healthcare. You will look at how the body’s circulatory and respiratory systems work, and how they can be monitored and investigated. This will include considering the ethical issues involved when diagnosing and treating illnesses. DURING THE A2 COURSE YOU WILL STUDY THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: In the second year you will be learning how to carry out an extended investigation and then choose one you would like to study in depth. This investigation, and a unit on the techniques involved in genetic engineering and biotechnology, are both assessed by portfolio. A final examined unit brings together all the skills you have developed during the course on working as a scientist, including collecting samples, developing methods for carrying out tests, working safely, analysing data, and ensuring accuracy and reliability in all you do. HOW IS THIS COURSE ASSESSED? AS Level A2 Level 3 Units. 2 units portfolio evidence, 1 unit examination 3 Units. 2 units portfolio evidence, 1 unit examination IF YOU REQUIRE ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION †¦ Please contact the Head of Department, Dr Eddie Grimble, on (01256) 417500

Bussiness and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bussiness and Ethics - Essay Example The theory of intellectual property advocates specific ways to shape moral character and refine aesthetic works. In education, universal ethical principles are communicated to the student-both through didactic instruction and exemplary action--so that they might be applied in concrete situations. Useful pedagogical tools include examples and lessons found in fairy tales, fiction and biography. Although some idealists believe social wisdom (traditions, cultural conventions and so forth) is the repository of moral principles (Vicinus and Eisner 2008). The theoretical work or a work of art is a creative process based on unique skills and knowledge of the author. If the author person uses his ideas, this practice can be defined as a theft. I ethics goodness flows from the proper activity of reason. The morally good act is that which is controlled by the intellect. Knowledge of what is right is fundamental: people cannot do the right unless they know what it is (Posner, 2007). Cooperating with the intellect in the moral venture is the human will. The will is to perform what the intellect judges to be right. In conception of the ethical life, the will is subservient to the intellect. Moral error, then, stems from either ignorance on the part of the intellect or weakness on the part of the will.

How significant are the events of September 11th 2001 for Realist Essay

How significant are the events of September 11th 2001 for Realist assumptions Do they fundamentally undermine Realist assumptions - Essay Example Following the Cold War there was a return toward liberalism, and currently the pendulum appears to have swung back to a convoluted type of realism. Discussing these theories is much like watching a really good tennis match - there is a constant volley of back-and-forth with no end in sight. The main reason for this most recent shift back to realism is the terrorist attack against the United States on September 11, 2001. On September 11, 2001, the United States suffered an act of terrorism that transcended the attack on Pearl Harbor that led to U.S. involvement in WWII. Terrorists hijacked domestic airline flights and used the planes as the tools to destroy the World Trade Center in New York City and to damage the Pentagon. Over 3.000 people were killed, and the world was silent with shock. The ease with which the terrorists carried out this act and the unexpectedness of the event led the world’s nations to once again turn toward realism in regards to International Relations. The theories of liberalism and realism are at opposite sides of the spectrum. The late 1980s and the 1990s saw a trend toward liberalism. Proponents of liberalism stress the ideas of interdependency and cooperation among the nations (Haque, 2003). Realism, on the other hand, assumes that anarchy is the norm and each nation sees the others as a constant threat (Owen-Vandersluis, 2000). In order to survive this anarchy, nations must be self-sufficient and able to protect themselves against real or perceived threats. Nations commonly focus on military strength, making sure that they are powerful enough to prevent attacks from others. A perfect example is the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War in the 1970s and early 1980s. The end of the Cold War resulted in new attitudes on behalf of the American people. They focused on living with peace, rather than antagonism, and were confident that democracy had solved the world’s

Critically assess the virtues and shortcomings of Britain's Essay

Critically assess the virtues and shortcomings of Britain's 'un-codified' Constitution. Critically assess the Pr - Essay Example For this reason, the acts and laws passed in parliament become the constitution, as long as they have respect to the sovereignty of parliament as well as the principles of governance and legislation. The parliament in this case is sovereign and superior to every other institution in Britain, which means that it has the mandate of interpreting the constitution, thereby representing the sovereign will of the people. The un-codified British constitution constitutes values and political ideas that are based on ideals and precepts rather than fundamentals that are based on texts or documents (Williams, 1998: p 57). This means that the constitution and laws are symbols of the embodiment of their political culture, traditions and values of the British society. One of the strengths of the un-codified British constitution is that it is flexible. Many countries with the codified constitution find it difficult to pass legislation since the government is accountable and the constitution is prote cts individuals. For instance, Britain was able to pass legislation meant to detain terror suspects for a long period after several terrorist attacks. Other countries with the codified constitution during this period found it difficult to do the same since their constitutions were protecting the liberties of individuals (Watts, 2007: p 204). For this reason, these governments were not able to detain the terror suspects for a long duration, as the relevant authorities continued with their investigations. Apart from the flexibility of the un-codified constitution, its other strength is that it is able to evolve. Individuals in society live according to the changes in the political climate. This gives the British parliament the power to change some of the laws that seem to be outdated, consequently changing the way people live in the society (Watts, 2007: p 202). The ability of the evolution of the un-codified constitution creates an environment that is comfortable for individuals to r eside. For instance, in 1867, sovereignty was given to parliament, after it was taken away from the monarchy, which was responsible for the creation of a democratic political environment. This change made it possible for individuals to know their place in society. On the other hand, other than the opposition in parliament, there are no provisions for checking the government. This is one of the major shortcomings of the un-codified constitution. The absence of the checks and balance mechanisms might lead to the creation of an unjust political system, where the government might be in a position to oppress individuals in the society selectively. Using the previous example on terrorism, the British government had the capability of holding suspects for long periods, and with the probability that they might be lacking enough evidence to charge them, the detainment would be an infringement on the rights of the individual. Contrary to this, the codified constitution presents an opportunity for the creation of a political system that is just (Williams, 1998: p 52). In this case, the government will not be able to oppress individuals in the society, unless they have concrete evidence that a suspect is a terrorist. Before charging the suspect, he or she will be able to continue enjoying some of the rights and freedoms in society.

Critical assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical assignment - Essay Example (Position Statement, 2004). In one California study, it was revealed that more than 32 percent of all schoolchildren are overweight and 7.4 percent are unfit (O’Connell, 2008). This indicates that schoolchildren everywhere are struggling with issues of weight, not just your child. There is also a greater likelihood that obese people, what most would recognize as significantly overweight, will develop Type 2 diabetes if they don’t have it already. They have more body fat than is considered healthy for a person of their particular height. Generally speaking, a person who is 40 to 100 pounds over their recommended weight is considered obese while those who tip the scale at 100 pounds or more over their desired weight are categorized as morbidly obese. The condition dramatically lowers life expectancy and is directly linked to the deaths of at least 300,000 in the U.S. every year (Dorfman, 2007). Up to 90 percent of people with diabetes (type two) are either overweight or obese. Diabetes plays a significant role in the deaths of millions of people worldwide and the number is growing exponentially. According to the International Diabetes Federation (cited in Dorfman, 2007), the number of people diagnosed with diabetes has risen from 30 million people to more than 246 million people in only the past twenty years. This illness is well documented in the United States, revealing that the total annual economic cost of diabetes in 2002 was estimated to be $132 billion, or one out of every 10 health care dollars spent in the United States. This means it can have a significant impact not only on the health and happiness of your child, but also on the family’s finances, particularly as insurance benefits continue to suffer cutbacks. A primary factor in diabetes is the level of insulin present in the body. Insulin is a chemical the body produces naturally to mange the induction of glucose into the system. When the body produces too little amounts of

Emaar Properties PJSC Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Emaar Properties PJSC - Coursework Example Working Capital ratios 8 Investor performance 9 Conclusion 15 Bibliography 17 Executive Summary This report is a financial analysis of Emaar Properties PJSC which is one of the world’s largest and fastest growing real estate developers. Their performance is indicative of the huge rise in demand of living solutions for people around the globe. Emaar properties' has held a growing position in the industry as compared over the period of two years. The reports highlights on what financial effect the global financial crisis had on Emaar Properties’ performance. The continuous growth and expansion in various developments by Emaar Properties has played a vital role in its success. It has been competing well in its sector and industry within the geographical boundaries of Middle-East and has spread to international horizons as well. The leap to other countries has made Emaar Properties a global enterprise in the world of real-estate developers leading with innovations and state of the art facilities The report is clearly spread out in different sections according to financial results obtained while comparing Emaar from the year 2009 to 2010 and Emaar as compared to the industry average and its main competitors. This report is divided into parts and properly analyzed into different parts. The ratios have been calculated and analyzed as per the past record of Emaar properties. Other than that Emaar Properties figures have been compared to the Industry average too as well as other competitors. Emaar has been a leading real-estate developer and due to much expansion in its projects it has been retaining profits since 2007. It has been giving out zero dividends and all the money is invested back in the company. (Rasmala, 2010) Introduction Company Overview Emaar is one of the largest property investment organizations listed on the Dubai Financial Market (DFM) in the year 2000. It was started in 1997 and is currently known as Emaar Properties Public Joint Stock Limited Company (PJSC). Emaar offers high quality apartments to homebuyers with its full range to cater to their particular requirements. Emaar is innovating at a quick pace to provide premium lifestyle to its consumers globally. It is responsible for developing value-added, master planned communities along with homes. It has changed the concept of living lifestyle with its innovative designs and devel opment. Along with developing and expanding in the Dubai Market, it has reached out globally in various countries for future projects and has been active for quite some years now. It is expanding globally by spreading its vision of innovative lifestyle development and a new concept of ‘home’. Additionally Emaar is listed on two additional markets of Jones Arabia Titans Index and S&P IFCG Extended Frontier 150 Index. Emaar was also awarded the 462nd position in the world by 11th Financial Times Global 500 in 2007. (Emaar Properties, 2008) Financial Overview In June 2004, Emaar took the initiative of reducing the value of their shares from AED 10 to AED 1. It was done primarily to protect the interests of the shareholders and make their shares affordable for potential investors. Emaar further went on to do a 1:1 rights issue to double its capital in July 2005. (Emaar Properties, 2008) Ownership and Management Emaar is currently run by Mohamed Ali Alabbar who is the Direct or General of Dubai Department of Economics Development and also the Chairman of Emaar Properties. Emaar was privately held when it was established in 2007. After expanding into 60 different areas of development by its companies, it was listed in the Dubai Financial Markets. By 2007, the government of Dubai bought a 32% stake by giving the private investors AED28 billion worth of stock. The company also owns the Gold and Diamond Park in

Oranizational development careers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Oranizational development careers - Essay Example igning and developing the training programs across a wide variety of formats including self guided, instructor led, and computer or web based formats, assessing the effectiveness of the training programs, and updating training programs and training materials (HR Jobs, 2009). Educational qualification of BA/BS or an advanced degree in any of the disciplines of pharmacy, education, instructional design, human resources, organizational development or any other related field. The experience requirement is three to five years, with preference for experience in instructional design, development and implementation of training programs and a degree of pharmacy experience. Sound organization, planning and project management skills, strong skills in writing, excellent interpersonal skills, proven ability for influencing others for the purpose of buy-in, a work style that is assertive and self-directed, and effective presentation skills are the attributes that are required for the job. Experience aspects that are a preference in the job requirements include experience with technology-based training solutions and program implementation in a multi-unit, geographically dispersed organization (HR Jobs, 2009). The job of an OD project leader portrays the need to lead through the human resource function of increasing the value of the human asset in the organization, through the development and implementation of training programs which are essentially concentrated for this organization on the retail front level, though it is likely to extend to other areas of team development. The job requirement calls for appropriate education level of BA/Bs or n advanced degree along with a mix of experience and a wide range of attributes. This essential feature of the job stems from the challenges that will be thrown up in the execution of the job duties. OD project leaders are bound to be required in organizations that recognize the value of the human capital asset and seek means to exploit

Climate change debate - anthropogenic or natural Essay

Climate change debate - anthropogenic or natural - Essay Example As every person has its on view, there are people who think that climatic changes in this world are due to man made technologies and industries but on the other hand there is a school of thought that thinks that these climate changes are due to the natural processes and there is no intrusion of the human progress that has evolved the climate changes in this world. The objective of this dissertation is to prove what does drive climate to change it ways, is it the fast paced human progress or is it a natural course that is completing its cycle. Nomenclature H2O: Water; here mostly H2O is referred to water vapor. SO2: Sulfur Dioxide CO2: Carbon Dioxide H2S: Hydrogen Sulfide HCL: Hydrochloric Acid HF: Hydrofluoric Acid CFC : Chloro fluoro Carbons Introduction Climatic changes and how the weather is behaving nowadays do not seem to be an exception for the mankind, and the prime factor which has the guilty tag upon it is â€Å"nature†. When it is discussed that what are the anthropo genic factors which can contribute in climate change?, the first thing which emerges into mind is all this manmade development that has progressed with the advent of industries. If the process of pollution is not stopped it can alone be the reason to end this civilization. In case of natural causes mostly the biggest source is the constant warmth from the sun which is causing climate changes even before human civilization existed. Natural and anthropogenic climatic affects are important because in one way or the other both of them do contribute to the climatic changes our world is facing. But who takes the lion’s share has to be discussed. If the causes of the climatic change are not identified then this world would actually suffer to an indefinable extent. Bill Clinton proposed that â€Å"I worry about the Climate Change; it’s the only thing I believe has the power to fundamentally end the march of civilization as we know it† (Tabor 45). The only duty is not to just identify the cause but also to amend it, especially the factors which are in the human hands need to be eradicated at any cost. It is a common practice among people to mix global warming with climatic changes that taking place. But global warming just indicates the temperature changes, where as climatic change works upon temperature upheavals and other factors, for example alteration in earth’s energy etc (Burroughs 8). This dissertation would be helpful in understanding that how much naturally occurring effects can be a part of climatic consequences and how much is the human hand involved in producing these changes. Those changes can vary from the green house effect to volcanic eruptions, use of aerosols, earth quakes, depletion of ozone layer etc. Needs Statement The problem statement for this dissertation will be: â€Å"A study carried out to analyze the issue of climate change due to natural and anthrop

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

HEALTH LAW AND ETHICS - Essay Example ve of creating expertise and providing information and tools, which are necessary in preventing diseases and injuries, promoting health and preparing for disease outbreaks. Moreover, as an individual provider, CDC conducts ethical research through sound science, which ensures that public health goals are, met (Bascetta 12). The organizational and community effects of CDC are based on collaborating with various partners on both national and international levels. By collaborating with various partners, CDC’s aims at monitoring public health through; conducting research to prevent the spread of new health problems, developing and supporting sound and ethical, public health policies, implementing health prevention strategies and promoting healthy behaviors. The information that is attained through research by CDC is to benefit the community, as opposed to the organization. In other words, CDC has prioritized the community’s public health, instead of prioritizing its economic gains. Additionally, CDC’s organizational and community effects, entail deriving public health decisions from high quality scientific data. In essence, CDC’s research data are objective and ethical (Bascetta

Public and social issues Essay Example for Free

Public and social issues Essay Slowly there was huge controversy regarding the manner in which domain names were allocated and provided registration by the NSI. There was a huge increase in the trademark disputes especially in the . com TLD domain. The IANA had no concern for legal issues over the domain name allocations. Hence, many nations including the US had concern over the allocation of domain names over the internet . In 1997, the management of several generic TLD’s were handed over to the International Ad Hoc Committee (IAHC). The organisation helped in framing 7 new generic TLD’s and ensuring greater amount of healthy competition in the second level domain names . The NSI and the IANA were together concerned with the development of a set of rules and regulations for the assignment of domain names. They developed a corporation that would have jurisdiction for the assignment of domain names throughout the world. This organisation (ICANN) also helped in the development of rules and regulations for the internet domain names. The US DOC also played a major role in the development of the ICANN. The final version of the bylaws by the ICANN was released on October 2, 1998, and released by the DOC. On November 1998, the ICANN and the DOC decidedly to jointly design rules, regulations, mechanisms and methods to ensure Domain name functions. The DOC and other organisations were interested in bringing about better competition and ensuring stability. The role of the US government was slowly being transferred to the ICANN. The NSI also changed its name to Verisign. It was concerned with developing a shared registration system and provides services under the generic TLD’s such as . com, . net, etc. Verisign has to sell certain number of registers in order to have authority of the . com register in 2001. However, some of the registries of Verisign and ICANN still are shared from May 2001. Verisign would operate various registries such as the . org registry till 2002, the . net registry till 2005, the . com registry till 2007. The ICANN has allocated the . org registry from 2002 to 2008 to Public Internet Registry and Verisign for the . net registry from 2005 to 2011 . The domain name has turned out to be a huge business model for several companies. The ads-per-click policy, which would ensure that advertisements placed in the domain name would make more money than the domain itself, would ensure that the domain is continued. On the other hand, if the cost of the domain is more than the advertisements, then the domain is ceased for the next year. There is also a five-day grace period (following registration), which ensures that anybody who has registered a wrong domain can go back and correct his/her mistake. Today, domain names are created and dropped at a very fast rate, and hence, people are in huge confusions. This is happening at a very fast rate, even faster than the rate trademarks are picked up and dropped. To ensure certain amount of control at the rate at which the domain names are picked up and dropped, the ICANN is monitoring several registries. It has given certain number of its registries to companies that can sell out domain name. Such companies are known as ‘registrars’, and they would usually be working on the . com and . net TLD. However, the ICANN has introduced a 5 day window period, which would allow the registering body to make changes or take back the domain name registration within a period of 5 days. The ICANN can also recommend the owner to make modify or even remove certain domain names registered during the window period. This would ensure that any illegal activities or potentially abuse over the internet can be prevented. At the same time, healthy competition can be encouraged over the internet . Since January 003, there has been a shift in the management of the . org TLD from Verisign to the Public Internet Registry, which is an organisation created in 2002 keeping the public internet in mind . During the mid-1990’s, the US government decided to shift several infrastructure and governance that the US government and the military had over the internet over to private bodies. The government felt that the main reason for implementing such policies were because the industry themselves can specialise in creating effective policies and ensure development and advancement through regulations and policies framed over internet. The US government also tried to install several institutional controls means to ensure that the private bodies that had certain governance over the internet. Several organisations such as the ICANN and the IAHC also felt that the international involvement was very important in developing a domain name policy.

Example Medicolegal Report

Example Medicolegal Report MEDICOLEGAL REPORT Prepared for the Court Claimant:Mrs A Address:Unspecified Date of Birth:1958 Occupation:Housewife Date of Accident:15 February 2005 Examining Doctor:Dr D Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist Statement of Instruction This report is prepared on behalf of the defendant, Dr D in connection with the complications following treatment of Endometriosis on Mrs A started from 23 April 2003. Case Summary Mrs A has suffered complications from foecal peritonitis and pulmonary embolism following the procedures of total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for the treatment of endometriosis. Case Details Mrs A was referred by her GP and attended the clinic on 23rd April 2003. Mrs A was complaining of constant, severe abdominal pain, per vaginal bleeding with irregular cycles for 2 months with a background history of tubal ligation in 1999. Dr D was unsure of the diagnosis as to whether it was due to endometriosis, polycystic ovarian disease, or tubal infection associated with the previous tubal ligation. Therefore Mrs A was admitted, prescribed with painkiller (Pethidine), and booked for laparoscopy the next day. The result of laparoscopy confirmed active endometriosis with 2 small fibroids and medical treatment of GnRH analogue (Zoladex) was discussed with Mrs A and agreed. Mrs A treatment was then to be reviewed in November 2003. On 5th November 2003, Mrs A attended the clinic and her medication was changed from GnRH analogue to Medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera). On review in 4th February 2004, Mrs A was not happy with Provera and the prescription was reverted back to Zoladex. On review in 14th July 2004, side effects due to prolonged use of Zoladex were explained and she agreed to start on combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP). On 24th Novemeber 2014, Mrs A came in complaining of severe pain not resolved with COCP and painkiller. Surgical treatment was discussed and she was booked for operation for the removal of uterus, cervix, Fallopian tubes, and ovaries called â€Å"Total Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (TAH/BSO)† in February 2005 and for the meanwhile she was also prescribed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Mefenamic acid (Ponstan) and an opioid analgesics tramadol (Zydol) to relieve the pain. On 15th February 2005, Mrs A was admitted to the hospital for TAH/BSO. On 16th February 2005, Mrs A complained of pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, and sweating. On examination she was tachycardic, and on auscultation, there were coarse crackles on the right base of the lung and fine crackles on the left base. She was commenced on antibiiotics without delay – ciprofloxacin and gentamycin together with an anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin – Innohep post-surgery. On 17th February 2005, CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed pulmonary embolism on the right side with possibility on the left side. She was commenced on warfarin and Innohep was continued until INR stabilized. On 18th February 2005, Mrs A complained of non-pleuritic chest pain, numbness going down on the left arm and up into the neck, and tenderness over the left axilla. Cultures showed positive Gram negative coccobacili. Antibiotics treatment was continued and respiratory consult was obtained. On 21st February 2005, cultures showed anaerobic organism that usually comes from the gut – Prevotella loescheii. The antibiotic course was changed to include metronidazole. On 23rd February 2005, radiology report confirmed the diagnosis of foecal peritonitis. Stomatherapy was discussed and anaesthetic consult was obtained. This was day 9 post-TAH/BSO and Hartmann procedure was done to treat the peritonitis. On 24th February 2005, antibiotic treatment of cephalosporin (Cephradine), metronidazole, and gentamycin were continued. The Results of Investigation Mrs A was diagnosed endometriosis through laparoscopy and 2 small fibroids were also found. It was confirmed from the histopathology report. Pulmonary embolism was diagnosed through radiological findings on CTPA and increased in D-dimer while sepsis was identified from the blood culture. Peritonitis was suspected from the finding of anaerobes on culture and clinical signs and symptoms together with CT scan of the abdomen formed the diagnosis of foecal peritonitis. The Nature of Treatments Received by the Claimant Endometriosis When Mrs A first diagnosed with endometriosis, she was treated by medical treatments – GnRH analogue for 6 months, then changed to Medroxyprogesterone for the next 4 months, back to GnRH analogue for another 6 months afterwards, and changed to Combined OCP. Mrs A condition was getting worse and surgical option of TAH/BSO was decided. Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and Sepsis Mrs A was prescribed with antibiotics and anticoagulant when lower respiratory tract infection or PE was suspected. When PE was confirmed, she was already on anticoagulant (Innohep). Warfarin was prescribed after the diagnosis made and antibiotics were continued due to suspected pneumonia or sepsis. The next day, blood culture result was out and confirmed positive. Peritonitis Mrs A was suspected of having sepsis and once culture showed the presence of anaerobes from the gut (Prevatella loescheii), metronidazole was prescribed to cover the anaerobic bacteria. When bowel perforation and foecal peritonitis were confirmed, surgery was carried out to clean up the abdominal cavity. Antibiotics, painkiller, and anticoagulant were continued post-surgery. Opinion on the Patient Management It was a regretful incident that Mrs A suffered complication from peritonitis secondary to bowel perforation, either secondary to adverse event where the operating surgeon unintentionally cut the bowel or due to advanced endometriosis. My review of the managements of this patient from her initial presentation of endometriosis are they are evidence-based, performed in a timely manner, and displayed the knowledge and action of an experienced clinician, and that the complications aroused were less likely due to poor management of the patient. In 1999, Mrs A underwent a laparoscopic tubal ligation and during the operation, there was suspected retrograde menstruation found which may possibly suggest endometriosis. It was in 2003 that the patient was actually diagnosed with endometriosis. However, this could be common where there was delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of the disease. There is no difference in the delay in diagnosis between mild to moderate and severe endometriosis. In a comparison study conducted in UK and US, the average delay before the diagnosis of endometriosis was 7.5 years and this will likely decreases the women’s capability to cope with the symptoms in which they would present to the formal healthcare [Ruth Hadfield, 1996]. The clinical evaluation of Mrs A was done in a sufficient and timely manner as the diagnosis of endometriosis was suspected in the first presentation since this will usually require high index suspicion due to the wide variety of symptoms and unpredictable course of disease (Lobo, 2007). Video-assisted laparoscopy was also carried out in the second day of admission showing that the clinician involved has a very high suspicion index of endometriosis from the beginning, as laparoscopy is the gold standard to reach a definitive diagnosis of endometriosis. [Bagan et al, 2003] The approach of the management of endometriosis was done properly and the choice of medical treatment as opposed to surgical treatment is wise. Unlike surgery for cancer, Adamson GD (1997) and Sutton et al (1997) said that in the case of endometriosis, surgery is relatively more effective for severe endometriosis rather than in mild cases such as in those with chronic pelvic pain and infertility and because of that, medical treatment is much preferable in the first presentation of endometriosis apart from it being non-invasive. A Canadian study of more than 53 000 admissions showed that 25% patients who had surgical treatment would need another surgery within 4 years and 10% would require hysterectomy and therefore, continual medical management is much preferred over serial surgeries [Weir et al, 2005]. Alifano (2003) mentioned that the prescription of GnRH analogue is recommended as it may have both diagnostic and therapeutic values. The prescription of not more than 6 months in this case was also supported by clinical literatures and Royal College of Obstetrician and Gynaecology (RCOG) guideline as the treatment may result in loss of 6% bone mineral density in the first 6 months [RCOG, 2006]. Extended treatment may result in further loss of bone minerals. Falcone (2011) recommended the commencement of combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) following the cessation of GnRH analogue and therefore, the choice of COCP after GnRH analogue in this case was also supported by clinical evidence. Shakiba et al (2008) also described the usage of COCP as cost-effective, well tolerated, and clinically effective as danazol and GnRH analogue. The medical treatment is initially acceptable for this patient as earlier laparoscopy in June 2003 showed adhesions between the omentum and uterus with multiple spots of endometriosis and thick, stale, reddish green blood while the later microscopy findings in February 2005 showed well bordered white lesion and occasional white coloured spots that may be suggestive of healed or inactive lesions which should reduce the likelihood of invasive treatment. Brosens (1994) believed that the early and very active lesion would be in red, active and advanced lesion in black, and inactive or healed lesion in white, even though this might be varied from case to case. It is worth to note that there is currently no cure for endometriosis as current treatments aim at symptoms relief such as pain and infertility and organ damage prevention in severe cases. There is no randomized clinical trial comparing medical with surgical treatments; therefore the change of medical to surgical treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages [Sally et al, 2013]. From the record, there was a gap between the patient presentation of severe pain not improving with painkiller and COCP to the last clinic before surgery in November 2004 and the booked surgery in February 2005. This may be justified by non-invasive over invasive management; for example managing the pain by prescribing stronger painkiller such as in this case, tramadol. Since there is no relationship between the severity of pain with the severity of endometriosis, short delay in deciding on hysterectomy or watchful waiting may be an advantage for the patient and the clinician as well to see if there woul d be any improvement. Apart from that, there was no guarantee that surgery may treat the endometriosis. The decision of TAH/BSO was also recommended in this case as the preservation of one or both ovaries in some women may have left the problems with endometriosis behind. Whether the hysterectomy being subtotal or total, it would definitely improve the quality of life of this patient and thus should be considerable decision by the clinician. [Thakar et al, 2004] Even though all precautions and preventive measures have been made, while incidence of internal organ injury is rare, however it does happen especially when the risk is higher in the patient with history of pelvic infection, endometriosis, and adhesive diseases [John, 1997]. However, considerations that need to be taken into account is whether the complications aroused were due to an adverse event such as bowel perforation from the surgery, expected complication arising from the condition such as secondary to adhesions from endometriosis, or the combination of both. The risk of bowel perforation in this open abdominal surgery is much lowered compared to scope-assisted hysterectomy. Bowel injuries happen in about 0.2-1% of cases and primarily due to adhesions involving bowel or cutting within the pouch of Douglas – the space between rectum and uterus. Therefore, it was difficult to expect that this case was to be an addition to the 0.2-1% risk in the study. (Gary et al, 2004) Infection is a common complication following abdominal hysterectomy carrying the risk of 6-25%. Above all, about 33% of patients develop infection after the operation regardless of careful precautions taken [Rice et al, 2006]. Other than infection, severe complications that may occur involve lung collapse, heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and clotting in the blood vessel (ie pulmonary embolism- clot blockage in the lung) with 4% risk. Greer (1997) mentioned that the risk of developing pulmonary embolism in patient following major general or gynaecologic surgery without clot prevention treatment (thromboprophylaxis) is very low at 0.2-0.9% while in another study, the risk of pulmonary embolism for patient receiving clot prevention treatment of anticoagulants is 0.2%. Therefore, this is a rare severe complication of abdominal hysterectomy that less expected to happen. Despite psychological effects following hysterectomy and prolonged hospitalisation, patient has benefit from the improvement in the quality of life in longer term. And even though multiple complications resulted from the procedure, most women are quite satisfied with the results of the surgery and with the significant symptom relief they experience [Kjerulff et al, 2000]. Conclusion Complications after surgery despite their rareness does happen and this was unexpected incident befall upon Mrs A. However, I believed Dr D, within his capabilities, has managed Mrs A with acceptable, sufficient, and evidence-based methods from the initial treatment until the last resort of hysterectomy to prevent any complications from happening. Duty of an Expert I understand my duty is to the Court; to help the Court on matters within my expertise, and I have complied with that. I understand that this duty over-rides any obligations to those by whom I have been instructed. I believe that the facts I have stated in the report are true and within my own knowledge and that the opinions I have expressed represent my professional opinion. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brosens I. Is mild endometriosis a progressive disease? Human Reproduction 1994; 9: 2209–2211. Adamson GD. Treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility. Seminars in Reproductive Endocrinology 1997; 15: 263–271. Sutton CJG, Pooley AS Ewen SP. Follow-up report on a randomized, controlled trial of laser laparoscopy in the treatment of pelvic pain associated with minimal, mild and moderate endometriosis. Fertility and Sterility 1997; 68: 170–174. AstraZeneca. Zoladex 3.6mg Implant. Summary of Product characteristics. 2012. Brown J, Pan A, Hart RJ. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for pain associated with endometriosis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 12. Art. No.: CD008475. Falcone T. Lebovic DI. Clinical management of endometriosis. Obstetrics Gynecology. 118(3):691-705, 2011 Sep. RCOG. The investigation and management of endometriosis. Green-top guideline 24. 2006 Lobo R. Endometriosis: Etiology, Pathology, Diagnosis and Management. 5th ed. Katz VL, editor. Comprehensive Gynecology. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:473–499. Alifano M, Roth T, Broet SC, Schussler O, Magdeleinat P, Regnard JF. Catamenial pneumothorax: a prospective study. Chest. 2003;124:1004–1008. Bagan P, Le Pimpec Barthes F, Assouad J, Souilamas R, Riquet M. Catamenial pneumothorax: retrospective study of surgical treatment. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:378–81; discusssion 81. Weir E, Mustard C, Cohen M, Kung R. Endometriosis: What is the risk of hospital admission, readmission, and major surgical intervention? J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2005;12:486–93. Shakiba K, Bena JF, McGill KM, Minger J, Falcone T. Surgical treatment of endometriosis: a 7-year follow up on the requirement for further surgery. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111: 1285–92. John D Thompson. Operative Injuries to the Ureter: Prevention, Recognition, and Management. In: John A Rock and John D Thompson. Te Lindes Operative Gynecology. Eighth. Philadelphia New York: Lippincott-Raven; 1997:Chapter 40 Pages 1135-1173. Thakar R, Ayers S, Georgakapolou A, Clarkson P, Stanton S, Manyonda I. Hysterectomy improves quality of life and decreases psychiatric symptoms: a prospective and randomised comparison of total versus subtotal hysterectomy. BJOG. Oct 2004;111(10):1115-20. Eskenazi B, Warner ML. Epidemiology of endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. Jun 1997;24(2):235-258. Wykes CB, Clark TJ, Khan KS. Accuracy of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of endometriosis: a systematic quantitative review. BJOG. Nov 2004;111(11):1204-1212. Ruth H, Helen M, David B, Stephen K. Delay in diagnosis of endometriosis: a survey of women from the USA and the UK. Human Reproduction; 1996: vol.11 no.4 pages 878-880. Kjerulff KH, Langenberg PW, Rhodes JC, et al. Effectiveness of hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:319-326. Rice CN, Howard CH. Complications of hysterectomy. US Pharm. 2006; 31(9):HS-16-HS-24. Greer IA. Epidemiology, risk factors and prophylaxis of venous thrombo-embolism in obstetrics and gynaecology. Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 1997; 11:403. Garry R, Fountain J, Mason S, et al. The eVALuate study: two parallel randomised trials, one comparing laparoscopic with abdominal hysterectomy, the other comparing laparoscopic with vaginal hysterectomy. BMJ 2004; 328:129. Mà ¤kinen J, Johansson J, Tomà ¡s C, et al. Morbidity of 10 110 hysterectomies by type of approach. Hum Reprod 2001; 16:1473.

The Nestle Organistional Chart

The Nestle Organistional Chart According to Louis A. Allen as cited anon, Organisation is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationship for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives. According to Mooney and Railey, Organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common purpose. In short, organizing is the determining, grouping and arranging of the various activities deemed necessary for the attainment of the objectives, the assigning of people to those activities, the providing of suitable physical factors of environment and the indicating of the relative authority delegated to each individual charged with the execution of each respective activity. (Anon.n.d) ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE The typically hierarchical arrangement of lines of authority, communications, rights and duties of an organization. Organizational structure determines how the roles, power and responsibilities are assigned, controlled, and coordinated, and how information flows between the different levels of management. Formal and informal organization A formal organization structure shows a recognisable chain of command, it also has many levels of management. This makes communication slower and decision making harder to implement. An informal structure is much more relaxed, with very few levels of management. This makes communication much easier between levels and decisions anr made faster. (Anon.n.d) Centralization and de-centralization Centralized organizational structures rely on one individual to make decisions and provide direction for the company. Small businesses often use this structure since the owner is responsible for the companys business operations. Decentralized organizational structures often have several individuals responsible for making business decisions and running the business. Decentralized organizations rely on a team environment at different levels in the business. Individuals at each level in the busi. (Osmond Vitez, Demand Media. (2009).) Span of control The number of subordinates that a manager or supervisor can directly control. This number varies with the type of work: complex, variable work reduces it to six, whereas routine, fixed work increases it to twenty or more.( http://www.businessdictionary.com) Product Structure The product structure describes the information thats needed, or is produced, at each phase of the lifecycle. The workflow is defined as a set of tasks, characterised by resources, events, associated information, responsibilities, decision criteria, procedures to be used, and standards to be applied (Product Lifecycle Management,2011) Advantages 1. allows the business to make relatively quick decisions, and locate all personnel related to each other together 2. Clear focus on market segment helps meet customers needs. 3. Positive competition between divisions 4. Better control as each division can act as a separate profit centre Disadvantages: Redundancies often exist across product organizations as functional responsibilities are duplicated under each product organization. Economies of scale and scope are more difficult to achieve as this organization structure encourages less cooperation and coordination across the product units. Regional structure: One which takes account of the exclusive membership of countries which are geographical neighbours and identify closely with each other politically, not including non-regional members, although there are also quasi-regional organisations whose membership is basically limited to a geographical area of interest but which in practice includes non-regional members (The Structure and Process of International Law: Essays in Legal Philosophy, Doctrine, and Theory,1983) Advantages: The country organization is capable of sensing and understanding local conditions and is able to formulate strategies which effectively meet the needs of local stakeholders. Policies in areas such as human resource management can be tailored to meet the needs and expectations of local employees, product mix and design can be optimized for local conditions, and the organization can respond more quickly to changing circumstances on the ground. Disadvantages: The disadvantages of the area structure are similar to those of the product structure. Economies of scale will be harder to achieve as different localities develop and implement very different product strategies on one hand, and invest resources in developing local functional expertise and effort which may well be duplicated unnecessarily across geographic units. Function Structure: A functional structure is based on the primary tasks that have to be carried out, such as production, finance and accounting, marketing and personnel. This structure is typically found in smaller companies or those with a narrow, rather than diverse, range of services (Managing Projects, Managing People,2008) Advantages Specialization each department focuses on its own work Accountability someone is responsible for the section Clarity know your and others roles Disadvantages Closed communication could lead to lack of focus Departments can become resistant to change Coordination may take too long Gap between top and bottom Matrix Structure A matrix structure is a combination of structures.it often takes the form of product and geographical divisions of functional and divisional structures operation in tandem (Managing Projects, Managing People,2008) Advantages: The matrix allows functional efficiencies to be achieved while also allowing for the management of discrete product lines. Product managers remain focused on specific customer and product issues, yet can tap into the specialized support systems offered by strong functions. Where a geographic dimension is included in the structure, country managers or other local personnel can devote their attention to the development of location specific strategies. Communication and information sharing may be facilitated through the multiple dimensions. Disadvantages: The matrix is complex and often involves additional coordination costs. Confusion and ambiguity may result from multiple reporting relationships as a single individual may receive conflicting direction from their various supervisors. Multidivisional Structure These divisions may be formed because of products, services, geographical areas or the processes of the organisation (Managing Projects, Managing People,2008) Advantages: Profitable growth: when each division is its own profit centre, individual profitability can be clearly evaluated Internal labor market: the most able divisional managers are promoted to become corporate managers Disadvantages Managing the corporate-divisional relationship: finding the balance between centralization and decentralization Coordination problems between divisions: divisions start competing for resources and rivalry prevents cooperation CULTURE Culture is the collective programming of the human mind that distinguishes the members of one human group from those of another (Foreign Market Entry and Culture,2009) Types of Culture Handys culture types (1978) The theorist Charles Handy identified the four main types of culture. Power culture wherever power is concentrated in a leader or top of the management team. Quite informal and flexible, it allows trusted staff to get on with the job. Role culture where the authority is arranged in a hierarchy and the power depends on formal status. Many rules and procedures can make change difficult. It is Mostly seen in large bureaucratic organizations. Task culture is purpose- and project-driven with leadership based on expertise for the task in hand. Often copes well with rapid change but may lack overall cohesion. Person culture stresses the individuals right to make decisions with shared rules only for mutual benefit. Effective for professionals and independent workers such as lawyers but may break up as conditions change. ((Kim Ann Zimmermann. (2012)) NESTLE ORGANISTIONAL CHART Functional Organization Chart Product http://www.nestle.com/asset-library/Documents/Library/Documents/Corporate_Governance/Oganisation_generale_externe_december_2012.pdf http://www.samsung.com/us/aboutsamsung/sustainability/sustainabilityreports/download/2012/2012_sustainability_rpt.pdf BIBLOGRAPHY Anon. (n.d). Definition, Meaning Characteristic of Organisation . Available: http://www.publishyourarticles.net/knowledge-hub/business-studies/organisation.html. Last accessed 9th Februray 2013. Anon. (n.d). Definition of formal and informal organization?. Available: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_formal_and_informal_organization. Last accessed 9th Feburary 2013. Osmond Vitez, Demand Media. (2009). Centralized Vs. Decentralized Organizational Structure. Available: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/centralized-vs-decentralized-organizational-structure-2785.html. Last accessed 9th Februray 2013. Kim Ann Zimmermann. (2012). What is Culture? Definition of Culture. Available: http://www.livescience.com/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html. Last accessed 27TH FEBURARY 2013. Anon. (2012). regional structure. Available: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept?ns=1cp=7080. Last accessed 3rd march 2013. Anon. (2013). functional organization. Available: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/functional-organization.html. Last accessed 3rd march 2013. David Parker, Michael Craig, Michael A. Craig (2008). Managing Projects, Managing People. Australia : Macmillan Education AU. 23-26. Thomas Wagner (2009). Foreign Market Entry and Culture. Germany: GRIN Verlag. 2

Symbolism and Theme in William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay

Symbolism and Theme in William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Faulkner's short story "A Rose for Emily," a series of interconnected events collectively represent a single theme in the story. Symbolism is the integral factor involved in understanding the theme. "A Rose for Emily's" dominant theme is the search for love and security, a basic human need which can be met unfavorably in equivocal environments. Faulkner's use of symbolism profoundly develops the theme of the story, bringing to light the issues of morality that arise from a young woman's struggle to find love. Faulkner provides the necessary pieces of symbolism, speckled through out the action of the story, for the reader to assimilate and assemble. Curiously, it is a broken time line that Faulkner follows, that allows him to achieve maximum effect at the end of the story. The placement of the conclusion or denouement at the beginning of the story, allows the curiosity of the reader to become strongly engaged on the character of Emily Grierson. As the narration begins with the funeral of Emily, the juxtaposition of the image received in the opening paragraph, is sharply compared to that of the information found in the third paragraph. Where in the first the town has come to pay respects to a fallen monument, in the third it is learned that she was really, "...a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town..." (276). The story progresses through flashbacks, and Emily is heard speaking to the gentlemen representing the Board of Aldermen, and it is noticed that she is wearing a thin gold watch chain. It is not until a lull takes place after the spokesman announces the purpose of their visit, that they then,"... could hear the inv... ...uest for love and security, and Emily has provided this for herself. Whether she knew the process through which she gained it was moral or not remains a mystery whose answer died with her. She sought refuge from the cold, and inhospitable environment of abandonment. She sought to get away from the only life she ever knew. The strategic placement of symbolism in the action of this story, provides vast areas with depth of knowledge from which the theme comes forth. The reader is pulled into character early on, by placing the conclusion up front, and placing the falling action at the end of the story. This creates a greater sense of surprise or shock value, and may even evoke a sense of true pity for Emily from the reader. Work Cited Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Literature for Composition. 4th ed. Ed. Sylvan Barnet, et al. New York: HarperCollins, 1996. Symbolism and Theme in William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily Essay Symbolism and Theme in William Faulkner's A Rose for Emily  Ã‚  Ã‚   In William Faulkner's short story "A Rose for Emily," a series of interconnected events collectively represent a single theme in the story. Symbolism is the integral factor involved in understanding the theme. "A Rose for Emily's" dominant theme is the search for love and security, a basic human need which can be met unfavorably in equivocal environments. Faulkner's use of symbolism profoundly develops the theme of the story, bringing to light the issues of morality that arise from a young woman's struggle to find love. Faulkner provides the necessary pieces of symbolism, speckled through out the action of the story, for the reader to assimilate and assemble. Curiously, it is a broken time line that Faulkner follows, that allows him to achieve maximum effect at the end of the story. The placement of the conclusion or denouement at the beginning of the story, allows the curiosity of the reader to become strongly engaged on the character of Emily Grierson. As the narration begins with the funeral of Emily, the juxtaposition of the image received in the opening paragraph, is sharply compared to that of the information found in the third paragraph. Where in the first the town has come to pay respects to a fallen monument, in the third it is learned that she was really, "...a duty, and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town..." (276). The story progresses through flashbacks, and Emily is heard speaking to the gentlemen representing the Board of Aldermen, and it is noticed that she is wearing a thin gold watch chain. It is not until a lull takes place after the spokesman announces the purpose of their visit, that they then,"... could hear the inv... ...uest for love and security, and Emily has provided this for herself. Whether she knew the process through which she gained it was moral or not remains a mystery whose answer died with her. She sought refuge from the cold, and inhospitable environment of abandonment. She sought to get away from the only life she ever knew. The strategic placement of symbolism in the action of this story, provides vast areas with depth of knowledge from which the theme comes forth. The reader is pulled into character early on, by placing the conclusion up front, and placing the falling action at the end of the story. This creates a greater sense of surprise or shock value, and may even evoke a sense of true pity for Emily from the reader. Work Cited Faulkner, William. â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† Literature for Composition. 4th ed. Ed. Sylvan Barnet, et al. New York: HarperCollins, 1996.

Dave Speaks to the World :: Dave Barry Essays

Dave Speaks to the World When I was back home and lived with my mom, we were reading the paper together one day, she was reading the Tropic and I, the comics. When she was through with the Dave Barry column, she gasped and said out loud, "I know that shark!" Now, of course this startled me and I wondered what on earth she meant. Mom explained that the article was about a hammerhead shark, famous to Miamians and Florida Keys residents, playfully named "Big Moe". She continued to tell me that when she was about nine she went lobstering under Bahiahonda Bridge in the Keys with her dad. While lifting an old sunken car hood to retrieve the bugs, she saw a shadow pass over her. She stopped abruptly and dropped the hood to swim back to the boat. On her way back, if I remember the story correctly, the huge hammerhead passed directly over her head. This time it wasn't just the shadow she saw. Sitting in our living room at home my mom was insisting that the shark Dave Barry wrote about just HAD to be the same one . I thought this was pretty cool. Ever since then I've known who Dave Barry is. He speaks in mysterious ways. Dave Barry is a humor columnist; his fans express what can only be explained as hero worship. After doing some light research I learned that not only is he a writer for the Miami Herald, but also for many newspapers throughout the United States. It was also brought to my attention that he has won a Pulitzer Prize for his articles and he is, or was, the lead guitarist in a rock band called the Rock Bottom Remainders. It's been said that they weren't the greatest musicians and they are no longer playing. To quote my Internet source, Dave is "an all-around nice guy who tries to protect his readers from the dangers of the world around them . . ." The text goes on to say that these dangers are exploding cows and trout falling from the sky. I suppose we would have to be devout Dave fans to really understand that. Something else I recently learned about Dave Barry is that there is a show based on his personality.

Gender Strategies Essay

Gender strategies refer to a literary strategy and a manner of analyzing literary works. As a strategy, gender strategies pertain to the infusion of differing gender expectations and roles given a patriarchal social context. Men hold a higher position relative to women. This also extends to hints of feminism with literary works showing the efforts made by women to attain defy the patriarchal system and achieve equal status with men or women characters placed in positions of power. As an analytical tool, gender strategies refer to the differentiation between masculine and feminine character traits. The differences in the perspectives of men and women develop with the influence of culture. This also considers the way that the image of women in the literary work captures the difficulties in living in a patriarchal society and the challenges to attain equality. Another line of analysis is by expanding literary themes beyond the male and female to consider the homosexual perspective represented by literary works. (Meyer, 2002) Gender strategies worked in the play ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ (Shakespeare, 1997). Patriarchal belief and male dominance is one defining theme of the play. Egeus used the law compelling daughters to marry the man chosen by their fathers with refusal punishable by death to force Hermia, his daughter, to marry Demetrius, the man that Egeus wants his daughter to marry. There was also a hint of feminism, with Hermia defying her father and the law by eloping with Lysander. Titania, the queen of the fairies, also holds an equal position with Oberon, the king of fairies by refusing to agree to make her Indian changeling a knight of Oberon. In analyzing the play, the patriarchy experienced by the characters reflects on the Athenian culture that gives men higher status than women do. The male characters, Egeus and Oberon, make the decision and enforce these decisions on the women characters. The women characters, Hermia and even the fairy queen Titania, suffered difficulties in resisting the dominant male characters. References Meyer, M. (2002). The Bedford introduction to literature (6th ed. ). New York: St. Martin’s Press. Shakespeare, W. (1997). A midsummer night’s dream. In G. Blakemore-Evans & J. J. M. Tobin (Eds. ), The riverside Shakespeare (pp. 256-283). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Education and the Brain Essay

Given the emerge challenges touch the practice of raising, human racey scholars and researchers argon listening to establish a token framework that is dedicated towards the enhancement of tuition and intensifying facilitation. With these processes, in that location is one in-chief(post no.inal) and alert determinant of this situation the mans head word. In the advent of mod capabilities, focus is now related on discovering and creating opportunities that seeks to enhance the relationship among the flair and education.The article of Bruer offers a comprehensive sixth sense ab step forward the strength and weaknesses of such(prenominal) field. hint from the past, he emphasized how the discipline has evolved from a mere scientific take aim to stretchability surface in the realm of pincer development and education. As persons and groups try to dig the processes involved, it branched out to several erratic disciplines that correlate with the concept of education v idelicet cognitive psychology and neuroscience (Bruer, p. 3).Operating on this scheme, there argon two slipway in which this seat be recognise namely (1) the period of synaptic excreta and (2) critical periods (Bruer, p. 3). In the head start part, Bruer points out the relevance and relative link between neuroscience and education. In this process, he intimates that there be various wiz activities that ar impact by synapses that affect the way a child can cope with many an(prenominal) functions that are expected for him/her to perform in a schoolroom setup (Bruer, p. 4).At the similar time, the document made mention the importance of the experiment concerning critical periods. With many slipway for this case to be applied, researchers perplex focuse on the idea that these actions are vital in the previous(predicate) packaging of an individual. Bruer argues that cultural variations in child training suggest that there are many equally successful way to nominate the normal environment needed for brain development (p. 5). The next section caters in looking into environments that are vital for a childs advancement during the early stages of his/her life.It fosters the claim that stimulating and active surrounding does contribute to the overall cleverness of an individual to function accordingly with the desired objectives and goals of an institution. However, there is a lapse in neuroscience as it fails to include and elaborate on how such process can be vital in the overall goal of education and growth (Bruer, p. 7). This remains to be the deficient link in trying to specialise that guidance of the brain functions in classroom precept and development.On the other hand, Bruer cites the capability of creating a bridge that will en adapted the brain to relate its functions towards cognitive functions. In this process, there are two ways that such idea can be recognized. Bruer mentions that the first connects educational practice with cogni tive psychology, and the second connects cognitive psychology with brain science (p. 7). In here he cites numerous advancements in technology and equipments procurable nowadays to help study and ascertain the progression of mental activity hap in an individual.Similarly, using the mind-brain interface, many researchers and scientists are able to conduct tests that can mold which part/areas are vital in particular function that are use and applied in the educational arena (Bruer, p. 8). In the last part, it seeks to elaborate these bridge by pointing out two viable approaches in dealing with it namely (1) instruction to cognition and (2) cognition to neural activity. The first part looks into the way cognition has been used by educators and scientists to determine appropriate ways to enhance neural activities.At the same time, it focused on several studies and findings that try to relate these instances. In the second part, Bruer points out the use of cognitive models and brain record techniques to trace the neural circuitry involved in a skill like mathematical comparison (Bruer, p. 10). It is in here that they were able to find the connection between the two. In the end, the article argues that the brain can greatly affect the way individuals respond to the education. Therefore, forthcoming studies must guide researchers in addressing the loopholes in the current literatures.As the demands for educational constitution continues to increase significantly in the practice, a good basis for such study can be made by relating to one important factor that shapes learning and development the brain. It is in here that we can find appropriate strategies to increase strength and skill acquisition needed to pull students dynamic and vibrant in practice. endure CitedBruer, John T. Education and the Brain A Bridge too Far in Educational Researcher 26 no. 8 1997. accessed 12 November 2008. 4-16.

South African Financial Industry

Non- conventional participants continue to aggressively search tax revenue opportunities offered by the southeasterly African situateing assiduity. The cast upd foodstuff threats, high-pitchedly competitive and continually changing surround has conduct to Strategy& (2017) to refer to it as a market place with no boundaries. type 1 below, shows how the federation African pecuniary industry has progressed into the current state from dependable over a decade ago.The environment is characterised by intense competition, globalisation, heightened client mobility and consume and deregulation (Bedeley, 2014 The Banking Association southeasterly Africa, 2014). Advancements of digital solutions has been the key enabler for the non- conventional participants to re-shape their take account pro congeal and attack into the banking market. This has numbered in empowered global guests (Somal, 2017). To fall upon the increasing threats and outperform the new-made entrants, tra ditional banks continue to seek out digital transformational strategies (Bedeley, 2014 Somal, 2017 Strategy&, 2017).To South African traditional banks, the more than threatening challenge is customer retention over attraction (Bedeley, 2014). They advance long customer info from the bounteous market share evident in the second paragraph. This data continues to emerge at an alarming rate, due to increased market shared, increased customer base and figure (Bedeley, 2014).The South African Banks pitch the prospect to develop more customer centric strategies to respond to the wealth of data at hand. The key lies with translating this customer data into incursion to enhance relationships with existing customers. Referred to, in the advance(a) age, as data analysis. Data show and analysis need to be a crucial part of business strategy (Somal, 2017). Data analysis depicts what has changed, and how to respond to it (McKinsey&Company, 2018 SAS, 2018).This implies the data captu re, storage, processing and analysing strategies must make replete(p) use of the technologies available to take up the challenges born from the data surge (Bedeley, 2014). ingathering data and looking for patterns and anomalies to provide sagacity lead to better business termination making and outcomes.This is non limited to, besides includes, reduces operational costs, business risk analysis, cut down business uncertainty, consumer behavioural predictions, and guide smarter strategies to perfect current offerings or develop new ones (Bedeley, 2014 EY,2017 Stringfellow, 2014). Collecting and analysing customer data is not a new trend, the challenge is storing vast amounts of data, but, new technologies gift relieved that indebtedness (Forrester, 2018 TDWI, 2011). Organisations that adopt data analysis top their competition by 5% in productivity, and 6% in profitability (EY, 2017 Stringfellow, 2014). gibe to EY (2017), by 2020, each homosexual creation leave alone pay 1 .7 megabytes of new knowledge per second. And, in the outgoing two course of instructions, human beings have generated more information in the history of humankind. Effective internal and immaterial knowledge management grants organisations the agility to celebrate opportunities and threats (e.g., reacting to new products or services of competitors) taking hold possible opportunities (e.g., expanding into new markets), and staying afloat in a market whilst possessing competitive service (e.g., digital strategies to deliver efficient products or services) (Crte-Real, Oliveira & Ruivo, 2017 Bedeley, 2014 EY, 2017 McKinsey&Company, 2018).Understanding the South African MarketThis region aims to correct into perspective the current market that South African banks serve. In 2017, 80.1% of South Africans lived in formal dwellings, 16.5% in informal dwellings, and 5.5% in traditional dwellings (StatsSA, 2017). According to a opus by Standard Bank (as cited by BusinessTech, 2014), the poorest of the households in South Africa bankers bill for 62.3%, with members who view a combined income of R7, 167 per month.Middle strain households, earning from R86, 001 to R1.48 million per annum, account for 26.4%. Affluent households account for 0.4%, with an income of more than R2.36 million per year. The bank notes, nevertheless 5.5% of households possibly have the cleverness to redeem each month Furthermore, the affluent households have a 65% saving capability each month of their income after-tax.The poor households modify 11.2% to the countrys income, the middle class contribute a total of 64.6%, whilst the affluent contributes 22.6%. This report highlights the naughtiness of inequality in South Africa, whilst on the flip side highlights growth in the middle class (BusinessTech, 2016).Businesslive (2017) states, in the quaternate quarter of 2016, there were 24.31-million credit consumers in South Africa, which is 8 million more than the employed South Afric an people Moreover, two out of every flipper credit-active consumers have an impaired record, which is 40% of the 24.31-million credit-active consumers However, otherwise debt including loan sharks debt were not include. In 2015, the human being Bank report, declared South Africans as the worlds largest debtors (Businesslive, 2017).?Costumer Satisfaction Index for the South African Banking IndustryIn the fourth quarter of 2017, Consulta released a Customer Satisfaction Index (SAcsi) for the South African banking industry. This satisfaction index is found on brands exceeding or locomote short of customer expectations, and the respondents idea of the nonsuch product to achieve an overall result out of 100 (Consulta, 2017).The report reveals the course of satisfaction of South Africans with their banks. Survey participants included 13,099 bank customers across various segments selected at randomly (Consulta, 2017). The table below shows the year-on-year SAcsi heaps for the Sou th African traditional banks from the year 2017 till 2017.Absa shows a decline in the past three years, dropping from 74.8 in 2014 to 73.3 in 2017, resulting in obtaining the bottom position among the banks included in the benchmark. Standard bank forwardly held the last position, but, made a recovery with a substantial 3.3% increase in 2017 from the previous year.Nedbank suffered a 0.9% in 2017 from the previous year, 2016 77%, obtaining a 76.3% wretched it to below the industry average of 77%. FNB obtained a 0.4% decrease in 2017 from the previous year, 2016 81.3%, but remains above the industry average. Capitec customers have remained the most satisfied for past five consecutive years. The 2017 Capitec score was 85.3%, 8.3% above the overall industry average.Gap Withing the South African Banking Industry Regarding Data AnalysisBanks are still using a portion of the customer data that is available to them to generate cortical potential to optimise current offerings. The reaso ns for the low sagacity is silos and organisational structures, skills and talent gaps, data privacy, regulatory and jural framework or ethical issues and high costs associated to data analysis strategies (Somal, 2017).This prevents them from responding to changing customer needs hence, leads to missed revenue opportunities. By prioritising data analysis to a key component to daily last making, South African Banks can be equipped to integrate data from the varied sources and develop solutions to better serve their customers, which will deliver noteworthy benefits (Strategy, 2017).The outcome of this incision suggests that with data analysis South African banks can provide business value by facilitating the acquisition of supply bowed stringed instrument and marketing knowledge (Crte-Real et al., 2017). That translate to the even out person offered the decently product on the right device at the right time (Bedeley, 2014). Since banks have so a lot data available with the ne cessary analysing tools, they have a 50% chance of retaining a customer that is about to leave (Somal, 2017). division three forms the fundamentals of the investigation of this paper. The section begins with the use of insight harnessed from customer data analysis to enhance customer experience by reviewing closely cerebrate literature and then grants much compulsory detail on the data requisite for this resolution how it will be smooth from diverse sources to build better models and benefit more actionable insights improved to generate the right results and avoid making chimerical conclusions and analysed for better decision making. The section concludes by presenting some key challenges and benefits of data analysis.

Charles Dickens

You may choose to sustain a biographical dictionary handy! Your message is going to be lost, if a individual special needs a dictionary When using a own language is remarkable.â€Å"It contained several large streets all very more like one another, and many little small streets still more such like one another, inhabited by people equally more like one another (†¦)†. After reading the story you almost smell the smoke and vacant see the clouds of smoke in western front of you. â€Å"It was a town of administrative machinery and tall chimneys, out of which interminable venomous serpents of smoke trailed themselves for ever and ever, logical and never got uncoiled.When you have read deeds that description of the smoke you empty can feel it everywhere around you more like a snake sneaking around because of the metaphor Dickens is making.Charles young Dickens as social critic logical and a writer is among the worlds finest novelists.King Louis letter XVI wasnt a fantastic king good for the part during the time of the government moral bankruptcy and this revolution.

At times the story appears to be aimless.As a consequence the characters must consider also learn how to accept one anothers imperfections along with their own.Throughout the book, the characters remain in form logical and theyre believable.The author has attempted to supply new advice in the personal experience of entities all of the method to techniques which may boost how our dreaming abilities on all different parts of sleep paralysis.

It is a little book about reading.Get your work confronting most viewers and reveal publishers deeds that you might sell a married couple thousand books.You have to little read the book.Write the book which you would love to read.

Analysis of Sylvia Plath Poems Essay

sternness A inexorable botheration of standards A chokepoint or parsimony A scarcity of money or credit. tightness scrupulous attention to rules and ex thudThe cashier makes pen to a pursuit in your toothsome forbidding substance and lamia resourcefulness is empathiseably use here(predicate) as vampire butt moreover be killed with a game with the mettle. The attempt travel on all(prenominal) tidings is the equivalents of from each one pound and binge of the stake. In addition, monosyllabic lyric numbers puddle military posture and energy. The strong belief is hitch and it is virtually as if the heart is expiry to burst.We give the bounce understand the tellers thinkable shun of domestic chores from her painting of how a emergent lead funnels at me/Slapping its shadow race in my take c ar. The embodiment of the travel makes it add up viable and the sound out sapidityping is in limited explosive. It alludes that the twine is existence gravelly towards her. The news unreal shows wipeout im get along withry. The fast cut could resuscitate to the death of her stimulate or perhaps the jerky husking of her economises affair. This precipitancy is support by the play alonging breeze because the joint a slap in the face posterior be utilize to demand the broker of surprise.The lake in reflect has drowned a newborn daughter and replaced her with a middle-aged woman. passim the poesy the mirror/lake appears as instead a sadistic cause who takes dishonor in the misfires sadness. This text edition informs us that her youth is flying and age is gaining on her the excogitate new-made puts particular furiousness on this fact. The drowning could send word that the misfire has drowned herself in her vanity. We pot compargon the girlfriend to Narcissus, who was so obsess with his nonice that he couldnt institutionalize himself away(predicate) and last died.The mushrooms harb inger that on that point be So some(prenominal) of us / So many an(prenominal) of us We pick up this beginning as if it has been yelled. This is help by the old track smallish or zilch where wind instrument suggests that the declination itself is most tranquillise. The mushrooms in this verse form argon associate to women in the clock cartridge clip of Plath and so it is like they are squall to be noticed. This rime is create verbally in a time extent when womens right-hand(a) were genuinely oft suppressed.The poem Ariel takes a function in the stanza gabardinenessGodiva, I unpeel at peace(predicate) pass on, unwarranted stringencies.The rule book white suggest starting time fresh. Unpeeling implies that the vote counter is unpeeling her layers, and hard to respect herself. peeress Godiva is renowned for go nude through and through the streets of proscription which is preferably a malcontent subject to do. The narrator is rebelling from the expectancies of women at that time. She does not take to follow the rules, the constrictions, the stringencies and she makes this absolve by referring to them as drained. short manpower could mean(a) that her hands are dead from doing family shit and could overly be a parable for the rules that set about a drive on her.

Minimum of Two Suggests That Family Can Be Both a Blessing and a Curse

In Tim Wintons hookup of goldbrick stories, marginal of devil, family is a major, pass off theme. Winton intros his sake in exploring the caprice of family inside each recital antithetically, containing the ordained and prohibit knead that family has on the act uponions and emotions of the Nilsam family and his preference protagonists. In extreme Lands, he deals with the impression of obligation towards and the conventional expectations of family whilst in The pissing Was dingy the emphasis is on a con to split peerlessself from prejudicious family completely. Laps focuses on how family discount cooperate you send the sack on from her past. Winton has a pissed doctrine that family shapes the gentle of mortal cardinal becomes, heedless of whether that is a good, or ruinous natured psyche. inwardly the pathetic account deep Lands, although it is envisi unrivaledd subtly, family plays an central role. We ar told of change Mazs pargonnts her m some distinct, who sits in the family disclose for the mass of her day, emitting t wholeness dget obtuse sounds from the take and Mazs father, who is portrayed as a luscious liberty chited, fright individual.As Winton goes on to display Mazs grapheme, which contains attri preciselyes the the likes ofs of reserved, conscious still quietly ambitious, we atomic number 18 do to wee a standoff betwixt Mazs persona and her p atomic number 18nts, that of which one is understood and blue(a) and the other unapproachable, and the realisation that it was the conflict of her family that has built the grammatical constructions her character by helplessness to restore her combine and give gauzyer to no wariness of whether Maz had her own ambitions. This contri justes to her boilers suit quietness. The pee Was threatening has its protagonist, the young woman, who is seek to escape cock from the negativism of her produce. The little lady friend lists her start outs some a nonher(prenominal) faults bitterly and her bewilders sorry decisions bushel draw hard as we read in to the young womans thoughts. The fille has no true(a) stability that she feels in her living-time and she is violent at her let because her bugger off is to be blamed. She rattling says in many a wizard that her demeanor would collectively improve if her mother unfreeze herself of the perverting things in her life, like inebriation and beingness isolated.Basically, the offer of the girls family is so destroyed that she herself becomes destructive. notwithstanding the wish of encouragement, in opposed Lands Mazs p arnts actually wed the traditional expectations associated with family. They give Maz a crown all over a head and a ripe, stipendiary bloodline in a small town. It is not what Maz wants unless it is a safe, stable purlieu and so Maz feels a nose out of debt towards her family. Laps revolves well-nigh Queenie and h er family.Queenies lady friend patter provides a smashing discriminate in regards to just about of the adolescents Winton writes. She is not just now in a secure and immovable lifestyle, but she is content. It could be argued that this is because she is young than other characters researchd by Winton that prone that Queenie and Cleve be in a sound conjugal union and they openly intend their pride, electric charge and mania towards their daughter, it is slip away that stop volition be provided with a more than normal, clever life. any Family is different from the other. legitimate be operable and certain are travel apart(predicate) at the seams. The gip stories of nominal of dickens explore this through different experiences and component part which direct bound on how the characters are portrayed. Family is a huge aspect of a persons identity. end-to-end the stories, Winton gives us examples of how the champion and heat of family are require for one to be full satisfactory with life and rightfully be advised of their identity.The absence seizure of this supportive, fit family leave closely in all likelihood consequent in a immortal negativeness for the members inside that family. In nearly instances, the mend of family apprise all act as a give tongue to that increases ones isolation and negativity or a grace that provides a spirit of belong and contentment, not nevertheless with the family itself but besides with the broader world. Mainly, the stories of nominal of dickens hint that heedless of being clean-living or immoral, family shapes oneself.