Adulteration

alchemy Project on contemplate OF ADULTERANTS IN diet get a line OF ADULTERANTS IN victuals-STUFFS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT iCBSE. com alchemy PROJECT WORK Name Agilan Chemistry Project on call for OF ADULTERANTS IN fodder Seal 3 P a g e Chemistry Project on check OF ADULTERANTS IN nutriment I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my chemistry mentor Mrs. Shirley Zachariah, f or he r v i t a l s up por t , g u i da nc e a n d e nc our a g e me n t wi t ho ut whi c h t hi s pr oj ec t woul d not ha ve c ome f or t h. I woul d a l s o l i ke t o express my gratitude to the lab accessory Mrs.Julie Sam for her support during t he maki ng of t hi s pr oj ect . iCBSE. com 4 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN fodder S. No. Cont ent s Page No. I. Obj ecti ve 6 II. Introduction 8 III. Theory 9 IV. Experiment 1 10 iCBSE. com V. Experiment 2 11 VI. Experiment 3 12 VII. Resul t 13 VIII. closedown 14 IX. Bi bl i og r aphy 15 5 P a g e Chemistry Project on S TUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN regimen The Objective of this project is to study some of the uncouth regimen adulterants present in different nourishment stuffs. iCBSE. com 6 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN FOOD CBSE. com 7 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN FOOD alloy in food is normally present in its most unskilled form pr ohi bi t e d s ubs t anc es ar e e i t her a dded or comp atomic number 18 t l y o r whol l y s ubs t i t ut ed. Nor ma l l y t he c ont ami na t i on/ a dul t er a t i o n i n f ood i s d sensation ei t he r f or f i nanc i a l gai n or due to carel essness and l ack i n proper hygi eni c condi ti on of processi ng, storing, transportation and marketing. This ultimately results that the consumer is either cheated or often become victim of diseases.Such types of adulteration are sooner common in developing countries or backward countries. It is equally all important(p releaseicate) for the consumer to know the common ad ulterants and t hei r ef f ec t on heal t h. iCBSE. com 8 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN FOOD The increasi ng number of food producers and the outstanding add together of import foodstuffs enables the producers to conduct and cheat consumers. To differentiate those who take advantage of legal rules from the ones who commit food adulteration is very difficult. The consciousness of consumers woul d be c r uc i al .I g nor a nc e an d unf ai r ma r ket be havi or may enda nger consumer health and misleading can lead to poisoning. So we need simple c everywhereing fire tests for their detection. iCBSE. com In the past few decades, adulteration of food has become one of the serious problems. Consumption of adulterated food causes serious diseases l i ke cancer, di arr hoea, ast hma, ul cers , etc. Maj ori ty of f ats , oi l s and neverthelesster are par af f i n wa x , c as t or oi l a nd hydr oc ar bons . florid c hi l l i po wde r i s mi x e d wi t h br i c k pulverise a nd pe pper i s mi x ed wi t h dr i e d pa paya s ee ds .Thes e a dul t er ant s c an be eas i l y i de nt i f i ed by s i mpl e c he mi c al t es t s . Several agencies have been set up by the Government of India to remove adulterants from food stuffs. AGMARK acronym for agricultural marketing. this organization certifies food products for their quality. Its objective is to promote the Grading and Standardization of agricultural and allied commodities. 9 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN FOOD To detect the comportment of adulterants in fat, inunct and butter. REQUIREMENTS iCBSE. com Test-tube, acetic anhydride, conc. H SO , a c e t i c a c i d , c onc . HNO . PROCEDURE 4 Common adulterants present in ghee and oil are paraffin mount, hy dr oc ar bo ns , dyes and ar gemo ne oi l . The s e ar e de t ec t e d as f ol l ows 3 (i) debasement of paraffin rebel and hydrocarbon in vegetable ghee Heat small amount of vegetable ghee with acetic anhydr ide. Droplets of oil floating on the surface of unused acetic anhydride indicates the pr es enc e of wax or hy dr oc ar bons . (ii) Adulteration of dyes in fat Heat 1mL of fat with a mixture of 1mL of conc. sulphuric dit and 4mL of acet i c ac i d.Appear ance of pi nk or r ed col our i ndi cat es pr es enc e of dye i n f at . (iii) Adulteration of argemone oil in edible oils To small amount of oil in a test-tube, add few drops of conc. HNO and shake. show of red dis coloration in the acid layer indicates pr es enc e of ar gemo ne oi l . 3 10 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN FOOD To detec t the presence o f adul terants i n suga r REQUIREMENTS Test-tubes, dil. HCl. iCBSE. com PROCEDURE Sugar is usually contaminated with race soda pop and former(a) non-water-soluble substances which are detected as follows (i) Adulteration of various insoluble substances in kailTake small amount of chicken feed i n a test-tube and shake it with l ittle wat e r . Pur e s ugar di s s ol ves i n wa t er but i ns ol ubl e i mpur i t i es do not di s s ol ve. (ii) Adulteration of chalk pulverise, washing soda in sugar To small amount of sugar i n a test- tube, add few drops of dil. HCl. Brisk effervescence of CO shows the presence of chal k powder or was hi ng s oda i n t he g i ve n s ampl e of s ugar . 2 11 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN FOOD To detec t the presence o f adul terants i n sampl es of ki l l i powder, turmeric powder and rain bucketsREQUIREMENTS Test-tubes, conc. HCl , di l. HNO iCBSE. com , KI s ol ut i on PROCEDURE 3 Common adulterants present in cayenne powder, turmeric powder and pepper a r e r e d c ol our ed l ea d s al t s , ye l l o w l ead s al t s a nd dr i e d papa ya s eeds respecti vel y. They are detected as follows (i) Adulteration of red lead salts in jalapeno powder To a sample of chi ll i powder, add dil. HNO . Filter the response and add 2 drops of cat valium iodide solution to the filtr ate. Yellow ppt. i ndi cates the presence of l ead sal ts i n chi l l i powder. 3 ii) Adulteration of yellow(a) lead salts to turmeric powder To a sample of turmeric powder add conc. HCl. Appearance of magenta col our shows t he presence of yel l ow oxi des of l ead i n t ur mer i c powder . (iii) Adulteration of brick powder in red chilli powder impart small amount of given red chilli powder in beaker containing wat e r . Br i c k powder s et t l es at t he bot t o m whi l e pur e c hi l l i powder floats over water. (iv) Adulteration of change papaya seeds in pepper Add small amount of sample of pepper to a beaker containing water and rebuke with a glass rod.Dried papaya seeds being lighter float over wat e r whi l e pur e pepper s e t t l es at t he bo t t om. 12 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN FOOD EXPT. NO. EXPERI MENT PROCEDURE OBSERVATION 1. Adulterati on of paraff i n wax and hydr ocarbon i n veget abl e ghee 2. Adulterati on of dyes i n f at 3. Adu lterati on of argemone oil in edible oi l s 4. Adulterati on of var i ous i ns ol ubl e substances in sugar Heat small amount of veget abl e ghee wi t h ac et i c anhydride. Droplets of oil f l oat i ng on t he s ur f ac e of unused acet i c anhydri de i ndi cat e t he pr es ence of wax CBSE. com H 2 or hydr ocar bon. Heat 1mL of fat with a mixture of 1mL of conc. SO 4 and 4mL of acetic acid. To smal l amount of oi l i n a test tube, add few drops of conc. HNO 3 & shake. Take smal l amount of sugar i n a t es t t ube a nd s hake i t with diminished water. di s s ol ve. 5. Adulterati on of chal k powder , washi ng soda i n s ugar 6. Adeulterati on of yel l ow l ea d s al t s t o turmeric powder 7. Adulterati on of red l ead s a l t s i n c hi l l i powder 8. Adulterati on of brick powder i n chi l l i powder 9. Adulterati on of dried papaya seeds i n pepper To smal l amount of sugar i n a est tube, add a few drops of di l . HCl . To sampl e of t urmeri c powder , add conc. HCl . To a sampl e of chi l l i powder, add dil. HNO . Filter the solution and add 2 drops of KI solution to the filtrate. 3 Add smal l amount of gi ven red chilli powder in a beaker containing water. Add smal l amount of sample of pepper t o beaker containing water and stir with a glass rod. Appearance of oil f l oat i ng on t he surface. Appearance of pink colour. No red colour obs er ved Pure sugar di s s ol ves i n wa t er but i ns ol ubl e i mpuri ti es do not No brisk effervescence obs er ved. Appearance of agenta colour No yellow ppt. Br i ck powder set t l es at the bottom while pure chi l l i powder f l oat s over wat er . Dried papaya seeds bei ng l i ghter fl oat over wat er whi l e pure pepper settl es at the bottom. 13 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN FOOD Selection of alimentary and non-adulterated food is essential for daily l i f e to make sure t hat s uch f oods do not cause any heal t h hazar d. I t i s not pos s i bl e t o e ns ur e whol es ome f ood onl y o n v i s ual ex ami na t i o n whe n t he t ox i c contaminants are present in ppm level.However, visual examination of the food before purchase makes sure to get a line absence of insects, visual fungus, foreign matters, etc. Therefore, due care taken by the consumer at the time of pur c has e of f ood af t er t hor oughl y e x ami ni ng c a n be of gr ea t he l p. S ec ondl y, l abel decl arati on on packed f ood i s ver y i mportant f or knowi ng t he i ngredi ents and nutritional value. It also helps in checking the bauble of the food and t he per i od of bes t bef or e us e.The cons umer s houl d avoi d t aki ng f ood f r om an unhy gi e ni c pl ac e and f ood bei ng pr epa r ed under unhyg i eni c c ondi t i ons . S uc h t ypes of f ood may caus e var i ous di s eas es . Cons umpt i on of cut f r ui t s bei ng s ol d i n unhygi eni c condi ti ons shoul d be avoi ded. I t i s al ways bet ter to buy cert i f i ed food from reputed shop. iCBSE. com 14 P a g e Chemistry Project on STUDY OF ADULTERANTS IN FOOD iCBSE. com ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA 2009 www. wikipedia. com www. answers. com www. google. com 15 P a g e