Ripe Figs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ripe Figs - Research Paper Example Although she had to wait only for a few months, she would go into the garden to see how ripe the figs were, to know how much time was left for her to go down the Bayou-Lafourche. The narrator called her â€Å"as restless as a humming-bird†, dancing out to the fig trees to know the condition of the figs. When she would see them ripening, this would â€Å"made her sing and dance the whole long day†. This showed that Babette felt as if she would speed up the natural process of ripening of the figs, by checking out everyday how they were. And every day, she would come back â€Å"disconsolate†, which means that she would feel frustrated enough when she would see that the figs were ripening very slowly. When Maman Nainaine told her that the fips were ripening fast, she said, â€Å"I think they have ripened very late† (400). Her impatience had made her feel that she had waited very long for the figs to get ripened. So, we see that Babette had the weak point of im patience, which made her feel as if time was moving slowly for her. In contrast, Maman Nainaine had a very patient personality. She was practical enough to know that figs take ample time to get ripened. She had told her god-child to wait to go to her cousins, till the figs get ripened. She was in no hurry, which depicted her calm personality. She wanted to make things go according to her wishes. She patiently waited for the ripening of the figs, when Babette would go down to the fig trees every day. In contrast to Babette’s personality, the narrator has called her â€Å"as patient as the statue of la Madone†. This comparison gave a saintly touch to her personality. For her, time had move very fast, like when she said, â€Å"how early the figs have ripened this year!† This was because she was waiting for nature to complete its natural course of action. Hence, we see that

Business Psychology Essay Example for Free

Business Psychology Essay In this era of globalization, every organization must design its own strategy in terms of running its business at excellent level to survive and stay in competition. Trigger factors of higher demands that addressed to organizations are; emergence of free market which means that competitors are not only from the local market but also come from organizations all over the world, technological advances that developed rapidly over time also has role in higher demands that has been exposed to organizations in determining that everyone inside the organization must be compatible with the rapid development of technological advances at their workplace. Intense competition environment as already mentioned above certainly lead to tendencies for organizations in emerging innovations, creativities, enhancement of added value, service excellences, competitive prices and acceleration of process business plot as an objective to be â€Å"the winner† in competing with other organizations. A paradigm shifting in the design of the organizational strategies is necessary to be developed by organizations in order to survive in spite of the free market enforcement. One of the strategies that can be applied is building an effective team in the organization, the transformation in working method from individual to team work as the main focus must bring psychological effects for every individual in the organization. Every member in the organization is forced to be part of their team, regardless to their preference to work as individual or as a team. This phenomenon also brings the â€Å"domino effect†; each member in the organization will be evaluated not only for their field competencies related to their job performance, but also personal competencies related to perform effectively as a team member (team work competencies) will be evaluated by the organization. In the realization  of forming an effective team, more than one strategy related to competencies in team building, which are parts of the business psychology area, must be combined in a synchronous way. Business psychology can be use as a source in designing and implementing an organizational strategy, especially for the accentuation in understanding individual behavior and self improvement basis when they are put and work together in a team. There some business psychology focuses that can be used in designing a strategy which at the end also can be used as references in building personal competencies needed in order to perform as an effective team. These are the beneficial focuses: 1. Perception and personal reality Every individual has cognitive limitation in responding to information that they received, as a result of that phenomenon, they are forced to pick information selectively regarding to which received information associated as valuable and which is invaluable, which data that will be taken to the next level of information process. Related to selectivity process, individual tend to use heuristic process, an information processing which characterized by incomplete usage of given data, only based on general issues and experiences, and all those information processed quickly. This information processing form has potential in bringing biases, misunderstanding, and inaccurate result in processing information. Based on the implementation of information processing above, in interacting with other individual, stereotypes and expectations emerged. Stereotyping is a judgment processing of someone that made only based on perceptions to the group where they can be categorized. Expectations from each individual not always positively responded by the other party where they are interacting with each other. Expectations also correlate with communication styles that will be used in interactions. 2. Team ship In building an effective team, many approaches must be used and collaborated in a synchronous way. Defining roles in each team member is an important aspect for balancing the roles of team members in order to optimize the team’s outcomes and coherence. One of the models that can be used in describing team roles in details is â€Å"team roles model† by Belbin : An effective team, in the process basis is characterized by these indication processes; active listening, sharing leadership, taking turn-not interrupting, positive reframing, rescuing eac other’s views, spontaneous and open praise and elaboration of ongoing ideas. In terms of their task performance, an effective team is characterized by these indication processes; analyzing, focus on results, reflecting, open rejection-goal oriented, open rejection-based on data, seeking opinion, seeking clarification and closure. There are some important key behavior in an effective team, such as: open communication, mutual respect, shared output responsibility, agreement through consensus, active disagreement, clear individual responsibilities and roles, subordinate own goals to group objectives, engender high team morale, receptive to new ideas and change, and constructive and supported feedback. There are two applicable models that can be useful in order to design the strategy for establishing an effective team, and they are: Jungian model and Tjosvold model. a. Jungian Model b. The Ideal Team System by Tjosvold Sharing organizational expectations, business strategies and visions, core  values, organizational cultures and organizational objectives, can be defined as envisioning. Showing interest about team member’s visions, task clearances, valuing intercultural differences, and transferring the idea of the team ship’s paradigm importance are efforts in uniting the team. Bringing out loyalties, responsibilities, knowing potential of team members and assigning them based on that, and motivate them when they need motivation are characteristics in the empowering step. After being empowered, exploration in discovering problems and focusing on finding solutions can be established, diversities can be managed in finding the best solution, and all that will raise the team’s awareness to the importance of learning over time to have the upper hand in the market competition. After the best solution is reached, reflecting what the team has been through at every step of the cycle above can be very important as the source of any plan or step that needs to be revised on the next period in order to perform as an effective team. 3. Conflict resolution There are some causes of conflicts that usually appear in organizations: competition, scarcity of resources, interdependence/dependency, conflict in objectives and tasks, differences of opinion and of influence, differences in status, cultural differences, change, misperception, miscommunication, different ways of seeing things, personal preferences, pace of response, range of response and form of response, individual differences and emotional defenses. Traditionally, from all causes of conflicts that mentioned above, individual differences and emotional defenses are the main issues in organizations. In dealing with conflicts, there are three natural reactions that are usually expected from the individuals involved: striking back (leads to escalation, potentially damaging the relationship), giving in (usually results in poor outcome, can be seen as rewarding bad behavior), and breaking off (sometimes can be beneficial, often very costly, hasty and regretted). Regarding to conflict resolution, application of negotiation competencies can be very useful. There are five stages in negotiation process; orientation, position taking, search for solutions, crisis/deadlock, settlement and finalization. It is important to each team member to identify their position in those stages that are related in optimizing conflict resolution process. By knowing and sharing their each position, they can build the same perceptions in finding the best conflict resolution scheme. Principled approach is a combined technique in negotiation from soft and hard style of positional bargaining. In this approach, participants are problem solvers, the goal is a wise outcome reached amicably and efficiently, people and the problem must be separated, must be soft on the people and hard on the problem, independent of trust is proceed, the focus is on interests not the positions, interests are being explored, having a bottom line is avoided, options for mutual gain are invented, multiple options are developed, the use of objective criteria is insisted, a result is reached based on standards independent of will, there is tendency to be open to reasons and yield to principle, not pressure. Conflicts can lead to project delays, missed market opportunities, confused communication, inconsistent information, teams fail and difficult to retain good staff. Considering the effects of unresolved conflict, there are three category : first order effects (quantifiable) can be counted by employee replacement cost, including termination costs and recruitment, second order effects (harder to quantify) which can be observed by increased supervision or management activities , and third order effect (impossible to quantify) when its already revealed in passive aggressive behaviors. Look more:  problem focused coping essay There are two types of conflict; task focused, which is characterized by differences of views and opinions, based on facts and reasoning, and related to intellectual matters. The other type is relationship focused conflict, characterized by anchored in personal differences, influenced by history/assumptions, and related to feelings and emotions. There is a model by Thomas Kilmann which explained deliberately about correlation between  assertiveness and cooperativeness in dealing with conflict. 4. Decision making There are two types of decision making process that people tend to implement, they are: width (diverging) and depth (converging). Diverging type is characterized by some points; seeking options/strategies, works with multiple perspectives, requires more options, considering new ideas, combining options/lateral ideas, and creative suggestions. On the other hand, converging type is characterized by: seeking consensus, seeking clarification, seeking structure, review based on new information, analytical, making inferences, assess consequences based on data, strong defense of viewpoint, clear decisions and outcomes. The usage of both types can be based on the situation that the decision making processes is taking place in the organization. Combination of width and depth are expected and can be the best option in decision making process.

Managing Employee Retention and Turnover Essays -- Human Resource Mana

Managing Employee Retention and Turnover Employee retention has always been an important focus for human resource managers. Once a company has invested time and money to recruit and train a good employee, it is in their own best interest to retain that employee, to further develop and motivate him so that he continues to provide value to the organization. But, employers must also recognize and tend to what is in the best interest of their employees, if they intend to keep them. When a company overlooks the needs of its employees and focuses only on the needs of the organization, turnover often results. Excessive turnover in an organization is a prime indicator that something is not right in the employee environment. We will look at the differences between retention and turnover, why employees stay, reasons why they leave, and what can be done to save them. We will also examine some external factors that will make employee retention and turnover reduction highest priorities for human resource professionals. Basically, employee retention is measured by an employee's longevity with a company, and is the desired outcome of a company hiring workers it wants and needs. Many organizations find it more productive and profitable to redirect resources formerly allocated to recruiting, hiring, orienting, and training of new employees and use them instead toward employee retention programs. Such programs identify good performers who are likely to leave the company and work proactively to retain them. Although there is no tried-and-true prescription for retaining good employees, there are five factors that have a proven positive impact on retention and they should be taken into consideration when developing an employee retention program:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Supervisor/Employee relationship - "Immediate supervisors who are also leaders of people will be the most important people in the workplace of the future..." (Jamrog, 2004) Today's supervisor is expected to be a coach, a trainer, and a mentor. Foremost, he must be able to communicate well up and down the organization. Employees who have honest, open relationships with their supervisors feel a sense of commitment to them.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employee engagement - The best employees are motivated by tasks that are intellectually stimulating and provide variety and challenge while contributing value. Studies from the Gallup organizat... ...and preparation will help employers more readily adapt. References AARP. 2002, Staying Ahead of the Curve: The AARP Work and Career Study. Wahington, D.C.: AARPRetention rodeo. Buhler, Patricia M. The exit interview: a goldmine of information Source: Supervision v. 63 no4. (Apr. 2002) p. 15-17. Database: WilsonSelectPlus. Ceridian Employee Services, http://www.ceridian.com/myceridian Christian & Timbers, www.ctnet.com Frank, Fredric D. The Race for Talent: Retaining and Engaging Workers in the 21st Century. Source: Human Resource Planning v.27 no3 (2004) p. 12-25. Database: WilsonSelectPlus Jamrog, Jay. The Perfect Storm: The Future of Retention and Engagement. Source: Human Resource Planning v. 27 no3 (2004) p. 26-33. Database: WilsonSelectPlus. Society for Human Resource Management (2003). Older Workers Survey. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2003) Customized Data Compilation, November 20. "Demographics and Destiny: Winning the War for Talent," Watson Wyatt Worldwide, Bethesda, Maryland; 301.581.4600 http://www.hermangroup.com/retentionconnection/ http://www.capitalhgroup.com/weAre/research/KeepingTopTalentSurvey.pdf

Research Based Instructional Program

Running Head: LIFE SKILLS RESEARCH-BASED INSTRCTIONAL PROGRAM Research-Based Instructional Program One major disadvantage to developing and implementing instructional programs not based on research is the time spent. â€Å"Time is money†, and wasted time means wasted money. Money is wasted on implementing programs that are not research based. Time and money is wasted on training. Overall time and money are wasted on the program. Without the proper research it may not be known if the program is needed in the first place. Programs may be developed that are not needed, or that may not give the desired results. Research is the prerequisite for change or reform in education. DuFour & Eaker (2008) discuss reasons why the United States is behind other countries and the curriculum reforms that have come as a result. Without research no one would be able to give reasons as to why the United States cannot compete globally in education. Without research the scholar, practitioner, research model would not exist. Program Overview Botvin Life Skills Training (LST) name after its developer, Dr. Gilbert J. Botvin was developed in the late 1970s. The program is based on scientific evidence, and is backed by over 20 scientific studies. It is a drug and alcohol abuse prevention program designed to be implemented in a classroom setting. It was developed to be taught in grades as early as 3rd grade and as late as 10th grade. The elementary grades program consists of 24, 30-45 minute class sessions that should be taught over a 3 year period. The middle grades program consists of 30, 45 minute sessions that are taught over a 3 year period. The high school program consists of 10, 40-45 minute classes that can be taught in conjunction with the middle grades program. Adoption of research-based program In the state of California more than $2 billion is spent each year on prevention efforts. California’s gang czar, Paul Seave was quoted in saying that ,â€Å"there are so many evidence based practices, but few have scientific support† (Reynolds, 2010). Peter Greenwood, leader of the Association for the Advancement of Evidence Based Practice is also quoted in saying that,†the American public does not have a strong science background and people don’t always have the skills to know when someone’s pulling their leg†. The middle grades Life skills program was implemented in an effort to cut back and potentially stop gang violence and the use of drugs and alcohol among school age children. The program has proven to be far more successful than program such as DARE (Drug Abuse and Resistance Education) and other â€Å"tough love† strategies. These programs do not seem to motivate students to stay out of jail, and steer clear of drugs and alcohol. People believe in these programs, and find it hard to believe that they do not produce the desired results. Outcomes and Implications Students that use drugs and alcohol are prone to dangerous consequences. Some of these consequences include increase in behavior that increases risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases, increase risk of jail time, and potentially hurting others around them. The purpose of implementing a program such as Life Skills is to make students aware of these consequences and give them tools to stop their life from going in a downward spiral. Staff Development As an instructional leader one must show their staff that they believe in the things that are being taught to students. First, a good leader has to research in order to have a knowledge base for the tasks that teachers will be asked to take part in. Second, the leader must have training on the materials and the results that should be expected. They should be shown the way that things need to go in order for a program to be successful. Finally, an effective leader has to be motivated and be able to motivate their subordinates to take on a task that will benefit the student population. Once the leader is prepared themselves, they can then train their subordinates, or get the proper resources for the training to take place and be effective. References Botvin Life Skills Training, Retrieved from http://www. lifeskillstraining. com DuFour, R. , & Eaker, R. (2008). Professional Learning Communities at Work. New Insights for Improving Schools. Reston, VA: Solution Tree. Patterson, D. , & Keefe, R. (2008). Using Social Construction Theory as a Foundation for Macro-Level Interventions in Communities Impacted by HIV and Addictions. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare, 35(2), 111-126. Retrieved from Research Starters – Sociology database. Reynolds, Julie. (2010). Keeping kids out of trouble not easy [Electronic version]. The Herald.

An Analysis of Kurtz in the Heart of Darkness

Heart of Darkness tells the tale of a man named Marlow and his quest to find the almost mythical figure of Kurtz. Kurtz is a station chief working for a Dutch trading company at the very end of the Congo river. Kurtz, along with the other station chiefs who are working at various stations along the Congo river, are charged to harvest the plentiful natural resources of the large African continent, primarily ivory. Marlow, who is an experienced sailor and river boat pilot, is charged by the company that employs Kurtz to lead an expedition into the heart of the African Congo to find Kurtz and figure out why he has stopped shipping ivory. Marlow eventually finds his man, only to discover that Kurtz has slipped into madness. Kurtz dies on the trip back out of Africa, only to utter his last words, â€Å"The horror! The horror! †. Kurtz has also scribbled all over his report which he was to turn in to his superiors on the situation and people of the African continent. The scribbling read â€Å"EXTERMINATE ALL THE BRUTES†. These two phrases hold important meaning in Heart of Darkness, as it describes how Kurtz really felt at the end of his journey. Kurtz was described several times to Marlow before and during the trip as a different type of man. This colonial period was famous for the hypocrisy of the European Empires, who in their double edged mission of spreading the culture of the white man while harvesting resources of the foreign lands of the world, horribly failed on the former and were astonishingly successful at the latter. Kurtz was supposed to be a different kind of man. He was described to Marlow as being a true humanitarian, a man who would not only turn a profit for the company but at the same time uplift and civilize the natives of Africa. Marlow was immensely impressed with Kurtz and was eager to finally see the man for himself. What Marlow found couldn’t have been further from the truth. When Marlow finally see’s Kurtz and his compound for the first time, he’s shocked to find that the man is almost held in reverence by the villagers. He has also taken an apparent mate from the villagers. Marlow soon discovers that Kurtz used his arrival on the boat and his possession of firearms as a means to awe the villagers into accepting him as their demi god. Marlow eventually finds Kurtz, who is by now extremely sick both physically and mentally, crawling along a jungle path at night towards a village celebration. Marlow cuts him off and decides that if Kurtz won’t go with him of his own free will, he will kill him right then and there. Kurtz relents and allows Marlow to take him back to civilization. The next morning Marlow loads Kurtz onto the boat and they begin their journey back to Europe. It is during this trip on the river out of Africa that Kurtz, who is slowly dying, has a moment of clarity. His last words are â€Å" The horror! The horror! †. These words are symbolic of what Kurtz felt at realizing that he had become even more â€Å"savage† than the so called savages. Kurtz entrusts his papers that he was writing to Marlow. The papers were intended originally to be a humanitarian paper on the good Kurtz had done for the villagers. Scribbled across the papers now, were the words â€Å"EXTERMINATE ALL BRUTES! †. These words are an irony for the mission that Kurtz intended to fulfill. His humanitarian mission had degenerated into a mission of violence and exploitation. He no longer intended to help the people of Africa, he intended to kill them and take as much from them as they could. Kurtz in the end revealed in his final words what becomes of a man who willingly walked into a new land thinking he could be a savior to a people he thought beneath him. In reality, he ended up turning into the true definition of a â€Å"savage†. He became a person who killed with no mercy in order to take what he wanted. In his moment of clarity, he realized the horror of the what he had become. His mission of exterminating the brutes had been successful until his sad, lonely death.

Learn the History of Ice Hockey

Learn the History of Ice Hockey The origin of ice hockey is unknown; however, ice hockey probably evolved from the game of field hockey that has been played in Northern Europe for centuries. The rules of modern ice hockey were devised by Canadian James Creighton. In 1875, the first game of ice hockey with Creightons rules was played in Montreal, Canada.  This  first organized indoor game  was played at Victoria Skating Rink  between two nine-player teams, including  James Creighton  and several other  McGill University  students. Instead of a ball or bung, the game featured a flat circular piece of wood. The  McGill University Hockey Club, the first ice hockey club, was founded in 1877  (followed by the  Quebec Bulldogs  named Quebec Hockey Club and organized in 1878 and the  Montreal Victorias, organized in 1881). In 1880, the number of players per side went from nine to seven.  The number of teams grew, enough so that the first world championship of ice hockey was held at Montreals annual Winter Carnival  in 1883. The McGill team won the tournament and was awarded the Carnival Cup.  The game was divided into 30-minute halves. The positions were now named:  left and right wing,  center,  rover,  point and cover-point, and  goaltender. In 1886, the teams competing at the Winter Carnival organized the  Amateur Hockey Association of Canada  (AHAC) and played a season comprising challenges to the existing champion. Stanley Cup Origins In 1888, the  Governor-General of Canada,  Lord Stanley of Preston  (his sons and daughter enjoyed hockey), first attended the Montreal Winter Carnival tournament and was impressed with the game. In 1892, he saw that there was no recognition for the best team in Canada, so he purchased a silver bowl for use as a trophy. The Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup (which later became known as the  Stanley Cup) was first awarded in  1893  to the  Montreal Hockey Club, champions of the AHAC; it continues to be awarded annually to the  National Hockey Leagues championship team.  Stanleys son Arthur helped organize the  Ontario Hockey Association, and Stanleys daughter  Isobel  was one of the first women to play ice hockey. Todays Sport Today, ice hockey is an Olympic sport and the most popular team sport played on ice. Ice hockey is played with two opposing teams wearing ice skates. Unless there is a penalty, each team only has six players on the ice rink at a time. The puck is a vulcanized rubber disk. The aim of the game is to knock the hockey puck into the opposing teams net. The net is guarded by a special player called the goalie. The first artificial ice rink (mechanically-refrigerated) was built in 1876, at Chelsea, London, England, and was named the Glaciarium. It was built near the Kings Road in London by John Gamgee. Today, modern ice rinks are kept clean and smooth by the use of a machine called the Zamboni. Fibreglass Canada worked with Canadiens Goalie Jaques Plante to develop the first-ever hockey goalie mask in 1960.

Free Essays on Harriet Beecher Stowe

Suzanne M. Coil’s Harriet Beecher Stowe is a biography of one of the most influential women of the 1800s. Well-written and organized, the book is enjoyable and informative to read, although it does not go into detail about any facet of Stowe’s life. Coil’s sources for her book come mainly from other materials that have been written about Stowe, although she does reference at times the works and letters of Stowe, herself. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher was born on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut, to Lyman and Roxanna Foote Beecher. The seventh out of thirteen children, she early exhibited her brilliance. Sadly, her mother died while Harriet was only four years old, leaving the duties of raising the large Beecher family to her older sister, Catherine, who would play a large role in Harriet’s life. Lyman Beecher was a domineering, intensely Christian man, and a fiery evangelist who helped to spark the nationwide temperance movement. He, too, would have a great influence on Harriet’s life, although she would eventually come to disagree with his spiritual beliefs. Harriet Beecher Stowe is famous for her writing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the book which helped to make an entire nation aware of the horrors of slavery. She met her first Black people at her grandmother’s house at the age of four, and even then, Harriet was confused because she did not understand why the Blacks were not treated as equals, when she was told that everyone was God’s child. Harriet’s father, as well as being a temperance leader, strongly denounced slavery, and this also contributed to Harriet’s early awareness of the evils of slavery. Harriet was very academic. She loved to read, and by age fourteen, she was teaching at her sister’s school for girls, as well as attending classes. By age twenty-one, she was a full-time teacher at the school. However, she hated teaching, preferring to spend her time alone in her attic room, writing... Free Essays on Harriet Beecher Stowe Free Essays on Harriet Beecher Stowe Suzanne M. Coil’s Harriet Beecher Stowe is a biography of one of the most influential women of the 1800s. Well-written and organized, the book is enjoyable and informative to read, although it does not go into detail about any facet of Stowe’s life. Coil’s sources for her book come mainly from other materials that have been written about Stowe, although she does reference at times the works and letters of Stowe, herself. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher was born on June 14, 1811, in Litchfield, Connecticut, to Lyman and Roxanna Foote Beecher. The seventh out of thirteen children, she early exhibited her brilliance. Sadly, her mother died while Harriet was only four years old, leaving the duties of raising the large Beecher family to her older sister, Catherine, who would play a large role in Harriet’s life. Lyman Beecher was a domineering, intensely Christian man, and a fiery evangelist who helped to spark the nationwide temperance movement. He, too, would have a great influence on Harriet’s life, although she would eventually come to disagree with his spiritual beliefs. Harriet Beecher Stowe is famous for her writing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the book which helped to make an entire nation aware of the horrors of slavery. She met her first Black people at her grandmother’s house at the age of four, and even then, Harriet was confused because she did not understand why the Blacks were not treated as equals, when she was told that everyone was God’s child. Harriet’s father, as well as being a temperance leader, strongly denounced slavery, and this also contributed to Harriet’s early awareness of the evils of slavery. Harriet was very academic. She loved to read, and by age fourteen, she was teaching at her sister’s school for girls, as well as attending classes. By age twenty-one, she was a full-time teacher at the school. However, she hated teaching, preferring to spend her time alone in her attic room, writing...

Pinterest for authors a step-by-step guide

Pinterest for authors a step-by-step guide Pinterest for authors: a step-by-step guide Pinterest is the social media site that has every wannabe chef and bride-to-be totally hooked. It allows users to â€Å"pin their interests† to create virtual scrapbooks filled with hundreds of inspirational images: recipes, vacation destinations, home decor, wedding details, etc. With about 70 million users, the idea behind the platform is to enhance the ingenuity in everyday life through organized interests. To the uninitiated, it might seem like users end up spending hours getting sucked into the different categories and even creating boards for â€Å"what they’ll do when they stop pinning†. But what use is Pinterest for authors?Pinterest gives your eyes a vacation from day-to-day tasks. So why exactly has the rapid growth pressured the publishing world- especially self-publishing authors- to join? Well, with the rise in the platform's popularity, Pinterest is increasingly becoming a place authors turn to not only for genuine inspiration, but to sell books, to o. Here's a good video by Kim Chance on how to build an author platform on Pinterest: But how do you encourage the pinners to become book buyers? Don’t worry, Reedsy has got you covered with a cool infographic, and more advice below!Group boards: The thing with group boards is that you need to be invited and each has different rules to joining the club. Whether it’s shooting the creator an email or simply commenting ‘add me’ on one of their pins, once you’re accepted into the virtual club it instantly maximizes the number of impressions, repins, and clicks you receive because your content will be reaching a much larger audience than just your followers. Go and join one!Pinning on-the-goDon’t have time to sit at a computer and pin all day long? No one does and that’s why there are apps for that. You can use the Pinterest app for your smartphone or line pins on the Buffer application to post automatically. Buffer makes it super easy to share any page you've read or written by queuing it for posting at a later time.The bigg est challenge: hosting a contestHosting a Pinterest contest is like hosting your first party: you want people to show up. But on the whole, Pinterest users are fairly quiet creatures. They’re utilizing the platform to express their interests through images and pinned websites, not necessarily to ‘talk’ with other pinners. Pinterest is great for sharing what inspires you, but it’s even better when you can win things... Once you’ve managed to build a loyal and engaged following through your original content, it’s time to have some fun with your fellow pinners and start a contest! irst and foremost, follow the rules. The Pinterest guidelines are better for both contest hosts and entrants because there’s a ‘no spam’ policy.When it comes to actually creating a contest, it’s important to know your audience and make it feasible to enter. Remember to value quality over quantity and identify what exactly you’re giving away.The easiest contest is the ‘pin it to win it’ contest. You could ask participants to pin their favorite place to read or just a place that gives them inspiration with the use of a clever hashtag on each pin. As the author, you can search the hashtag and pin your favorite images to one of your boards and eventually pin the winners. The prize is up to you!Follow Reedsy on Pinterest and Twitter!Do you use Pinterest as an author? Have you had any success from it? What tips would you add to the ones above? Let us know your thoughts and experiences in the comments below!

(ONLINE CLASSES ARE NOT A GOOD IDEA) Annotated Bibliography

(ONLINE CLASSES ARE NOT A GOOD IDEA) - Annotated Bibliography Example They gave recommendations on supporting the ease and speed of use of CMS, and how it can support diverse teaching needs and goals of end users. These authors are credible sources, because Ioannou is a doctoral student in the educational technology program in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Connecticut, while Hannafin is an associate professor in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Connecticut. They have worked on similar studies on technology enhanced learning environments and technology integration. The intended audiences are: school information technology or information systems manager or director and end users of CMS. The main limitation of the article is that it did not conduct any empirical research on a specific CMS to determine its strengths and limitations. It depends on existing studies to argue and support its preference for client-based CMS too. I plan to use this paper to explain existing CMS uses and limitations. Th is article can also help provide recommendations on CMS development. (251 words). Ramage, T.R. (2005). A system-level comparison of cost-efficiency and return on investment related to online course delivery. Dr. Thomas R. Ramage Publications. Paper 2. Retrieved from http://spark.parkland.edu/ramage_pubs/2/ Ramage (2005) compared the costs and revenues of Illinois community colleges and their online delivery systems, in order to examine their cost-efficiency and to contrast the outcomes among online courses at chosen community colleges. Findings showed that online programs at 83% of the community colleges were not cost efficient and did not give a positive return on investment. Apparently, online courses are not cost-efficient, since only two of the 12 participating colleges were determined to be cost efficient. The mean return on investment was negative at –15%. Cost per student credit also varied, which indicated that diverse factors influence the costs and

Profile of Offshore Financial Center - Bahamas Term Paper

Profile of Offshore Financial Center - Bahamas - Term Paper Example Particularly for the offshore company, it requires to perform several checks and researches into the preferred offshore financial center to ensure that investing in that market can guarantee fruitful financial returns (Zorome, 2007). It is against this background that periodic environmental assessment analyses are performed for various offshore financial centres to test their financial viability for specific offshore companies and offshore countries. In the current paper, the spotlight is put on Bahamas as an offshore financial center to critically understudy the viability of that financial market as a preferred entity to use to raise capital Intel Corporation prior to doing an initial public offer. The profiling of Bahamas as a viable offshore financial center is done along six major parameters as outlined below. Secrecy and Views In the financial market, such as the offshore financial center, issues of secrecy and views are very important for the determination of financial transpar ency of a given center. It is for this reason that the need to study the secrecy and views that prevails on the Bahamian offshore market, such as financial secrecy is very important for making decision on the selection of the country as an entity for raising capital for an initial public offer. Nyangosi, Arora and Sing (2009) has explained that situations of financial secrecy exists when financial institutions refuse to disclose crucial financial information to the appropriate authorities for tax decision making and other criminal law enforcement policies. In effect, a higher scoring on financial secrecy index is a negative indication for satisfactory financial transparency. Meanwhile according to the Tax Justice Network (2011), the scoring for Bahamas in financial transparency is 83%, indicating an unacceptable level of secrecy and suppression of views. From the graph below, it will be noted that from a 15 financial secrecy indicator, Bahamas scored negative marks for most of the i ndicators. Source: Tax Justice Network (2011) For investors wanting to choose Bahamas as a preferred entity to use to raise capital for Intel Corporation prior to doing an IPO, the risk of not knowing the legitimate financial values and figures for most indicators that will be necessary for taking stock market decisions prevails (Breiman et al, 2009). Having stated the above however, it is important to stress the point that new policies and reforms have started emerging in Bahamas that make incumbent upon the country to have a free economy and exchange information as specified in Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) guidelines (Riyadh, Akter and Islam, 2009). Proximity to US Proximity has always been said to be an important factor in the determination of an offshore financial center destination for raising capital for Intel Corporation ahead of an initial public offer. This is because most offshore companies that operate in offshore financial centers do so b y operating parent companies that govern and run the key organizational

Information literacy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information literacy - Research Paper Example fective, and acceptable ways of family planning of their choice, and have the right to appropriate health-care services that enable women to go through pregnancy and childbirth safely (Nelen et al., 916-91). Accessibility of sexual and reproductive health care is both a critical need and a right, but during crisis situations; when vulnerabilities increase drastically increase, these services are not always available or even prioritized. In fact, lack of accessibility to sexual and reproductive health care leads to the cause of disease, death and disability amongst displaced women and girls within the reproductive age. The majority of countries that have high maternal mortality rates are affected by conflict for not providing reproductive health services. The womens Refugee Commission works on the innovative programming to improve the sexual and reproductive health of all people affected by crises. Their initiatives include; emergency preparedness and disaster risk reduction, community empowerment approaches and new technologies, and child marriage and emergency response. It involved identifying critical gaps in sexual and reproductive health and making recommendations on the solutions to meet the needs of the women and girls specifically. In order to ensure that lifesaving reproductive health services are provided from the very beginning of an emergency situation. The UN agencies, donors, governments and other organizations need to ensure they are implementing the Minimum Initial Service Packages (MISP) for Reproductive Health during crises situations. There should be a set of priority practices and tradition for health care professionals. When a crisis situation stabilizes, the full range of all sexual and reproductive health services should be made available for all persons. It is the difference between life and death to access quality health services. This access is limited particularly in crisis settings, increasing the risk of maternal death. The main

Positive action in the judicial appointments process is essential to Essay

Positive action in the judicial appointments process is essential to address the lack of diversity in the judiciary of England and Wales - Essay Example Available from the website at http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldconst/272/27206.htm, It is important to carry out selection of candidates for the judicial positions in terms of merit which should be done based on just and open competition from the broad range of eligible contenders. I first agree with the notion that, we don not have any perfect judicial system and it is clear in the past recent years that some features of the appointment processes needed an urgent modernization. Delivering enhancements on the manner in which judges are appointed is a vital component of the selection program. I am therefore, among the many people who are dedicated to fighting for the element of diversity in judiciary to be incorporated through some range of critical measures. A judiciary that is visibly reflective of the society highly enhances the confidence of the public in the judicial system. Additionally, no one at any given moment should be foiled from his or her dream of becoming a judge, simply on the bases of sex, his race, the religion or any other protected trait as identified in equality act. The freedom from discrimination is a fundamental code of justice and equality that is preserved by law. It is also evident from http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldconst/272/27206.htm that Judges who inhabit courtrooms in both Wales and England, are stereotypical white males from slim social grounds. Most of the concerns regarding to the Under-repres ented individuals tend to stem from the structures of legal vocations2. This is also worsened by the pool of the obtainable mid-career specialists who are eligible and fascinated in presenting themselves for the selection process. Hence, some obstacles arise due to the appointment processes which regards to the court arrangement and the various tribunals which judges operate in. I do not propose that the notion of merit should sparingly be focused on the

Write a research paper on Confucianism Proposal

Write a paper on Confucianism - Research Proposal Example In fact he almost always avoided being drawn into discussions dealing with God and the supernatural. His theories tried to steer clear from any involvement with any supernatural being. For instance, when one disciple queried him about the afterlife, he quickly retorted that because man does not yet fully understand the mortal world, it is very unlikely that he can contemplate on such concepts as heaven and god (The Analects). He did also express the notion that men do not need any god because men are capable of living a harmonious existence without any help from any supernatural being The Confucian Analects, which is a document comprising all his sayings and discourses, conversations and travels, is no Bible or Koran or any kind of scripture (Legge 2006, p. 1). There is nothing in it that makes reference to revealed teachings. It is neither a religious nor a political treatise but instead, it is just a record of his conversations with his disciples as well as narrations of Confucius’ deeds during particular occasions. In the Analects, nowhere did Confucius teach the people to believe in a higher being or power. If Confucianism is tinged with a patina of religion, it is because his zealous disciples and admirers deified him after his death. They constructed a temple in his honor and refurbished his tomb in Chu-fou (Kufow), Shantung province, his birthplace and made this a mecca for all educated Chinese. They replicated the Analects and distributed them all throughout China after his demise. They reprinted his Classic series i.e. Classic of Poetry, Classic of Historical Documents, Classic of Changes, Record of Rites and Classic of Spring and Autumn Annals, which are not religious books at all but mere literary collections cum history (Legge 2006, p. 1). Because of these publications, his teachings soon electrified citizens all over the country with his words of

The Higher Education Crisis by Nicholas Carr Article - 1

The Higher Education Crisis by Nicholas Carr - Article Example Carr is making the argument that the rise of the MOOC and its substantial international demand has opportunities for improving the quality of education for students around the world. Why is this? When the author compares the online courses available through paid tuition, he suggests that it has become a rather homogenous and boring model consisting of videotaped lectures, thus providing little innovation in the learning process. Hence, Carr describes several case studies in which reputable instructors, such as Sebastian Thrun, a robotics teacher from Stanford, are launching free online courses to expand higher education to the less advantaged. While it was expected that a free artificial intelligence class online would receive interest from, potentially, 10,000 students, in reality, the class received over 160,000 interested learners. This massive interest from adult learners prompted Thrun to partner with two other robotics experts to launch a new start-up online learning company, U dacity, in order to attempt to revamp the online educational process and improve its quality. As Carr attempted to illustrate that educational quality had been depleted in recent years, the concept of inspired start-up learning centers allows innovative educators to create new online learning models that are aligned with unique concepts and instructional materials. Laura Pappano of the New York Times describes some of the business model of Udacity, the online company started by Thrun where selecting the appropriate instructors involves a very discriminating set of criteria. Offered a representative of Udacity, â€Å"We reject about 98 percent of faculty who want to teach with us† (Pappano 4). This tends to support Carr’s notion in â€Å"The Crisis in Higher Education† as the MOOC concept seems to break the restrictions associated with university and college bureaucracy and liberates instructors from using a standardized online teaching curriculum and, instead, d eveloping more relevant and pioneering instructional tools and lessons for the MOOC teaching model. The concept of Udacity is that even though instructors might be renowned in their field, they are not always the best educators to provide a quality educational experience. With a more stringent set of criteria for hiring educators in the MOOC, this new concept in learning (enhanced with no-fee learning) could significantly outperform traditional campus-based learning and the for-fee online class experience.  Ã‚  

Write a research paper on Confucianism Proposal

Write a paper on Confucianism - Research Proposal Example In fact he almost always avoided being drawn into discussions dealing with God and the supernatural. His theories tried to steer clear from any involvement with any supernatural being. For instance, when one disciple queried him about the afterlife, he quickly retorted that because man does not yet fully understand the mortal world, it is very unlikely that he can contemplate on such concepts as heaven and god (The Analects). He did also express the notion that men do not need any god because men are capable of living a harmonious existence without any help from any supernatural being The Confucian Analects, which is a document comprising all his sayings and discourses, conversations and travels, is no Bible or Koran or any kind of scripture (Legge 2006, p. 1). There is nothing in it that makes reference to revealed teachings. It is neither a religious nor a political treatise but instead, it is just a record of his conversations with his disciples as well as narrations of Confucius’ deeds during particular occasions. In the Analects, nowhere did Confucius teach the people to believe in a higher being or power. If Confucianism is tinged with a patina of religion, it is because his zealous disciples and admirers deified him after his death. They constructed a temple in his honor and refurbished his tomb in Chu-fou (Kufow), Shantung province, his birthplace and made this a mecca for all educated Chinese. They replicated the Analects and distributed them all throughout China after his demise. They reprinted his Classic series i.e. Classic of Poetry, Classic of Historical Documents, Classic of Changes, Record of Rites and Classic of Spring and Autumn Annals, which are not religious books at all but mere literary collections cum history (Legge 2006, p. 1). Because of these publications, his teachings soon electrified citizens all over the country with his words of

Semantics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Semantics - Research Paper Example The discussion ascertains that while metaphors refer to objects that are identical, similes refer to objects that are similar. Humans are social beings who interact at different levels during the execution of their duties. The roles that each of them play are distinctive and in some cases, these overlap. In most instances, they require the help of others in a bid to function optimally. Communication is an important medium through which they understand and appreciate the demands of each other. Language is particularly of great importance because it enables them to understand each other and exist in a harmonic manner. Through a common language, they are able to eliminate social conflicts that have detrimental effects on their very wellbeing. The language that a community adopts is in most instances derived from the environment that the respective community inhabits. It is widely agreed that figurative language is commonly used by communities for various purposes. Typical examples of figurative language include metaphors and similes. This paper provides an in depth analysis of the differences between metaphors and similes. In his research, Heidrich (2004) indicates that metaphors and similes play distinctive roles in communication. They are mostly employed for clarification purposes especially because they make references to things that the particular community is conversant with. In particular, they help in relating the respective information to the objects that they are being compared to. With this, the audience can be able to clearly understand the concepts being passed across. Roberts and Kreuz (1994) assert that this is important because it eases communication and prevents conflicts that are likely to strain social relations and undermine the holistic functioning of the society. Nonetheless, there are unique differences between these two figures of speech. It is widely agreed that most people get confused about

The roles of three different people at John Lewis in the Sales Department Essay Example for Free

The roles of three different people at John Lewis in the Sales Department Essay We asked the Caroline ODonovan the Human Resources Training Manager to tell us about three different jobs in the same department. Here is the information she gave us. John Lewis is run on certain Principles that all staff have to keep to: * By a clear understanding of what the employer expect of them and what there duties are. * commutate clearly and regularly to ovoid misunderstandings. * Know they rites and responsibilities within the business this is what they are entitled to and what they must take responsibility for. Purpose The Partnerships ultimate purpose is the happiness of all its members, through their worthwhile and satisfying employment in a successful business. Because the Partnership is owned in trust for its members, they share the responsibilities of ownership as well as its rewards profit, knowledge and power. Power Power in the Partnership is shared between three governing authorities, the Central Council, the Central Board and the Chairman. Profit The Partnership aims to make sufficient profit from its trading operations to sustain its commercial vitality, to finance its continued development and to distribute a share of those profits each year to its members, and to enable it to undertake other activities consistent with its ultimate purpose. Members The Partnership aims to employ people of ability and integrity who are committed to working together and to supporting its Principles. Relationships are based on mutual respect and courtesy, with as much equality between its members as differences of responsibility permit. The Partnership aims to recognise their individual contributions and reward them fairly. Job Descriptions These are the details of what an employee is expected to do at John Lewis. People are given a job description when they apply for a job so they know what they are applying for. At John Lewis the job descriptions include: * Job Title * Who they are responsible to * Status eg, Non-management * Main purpose * Job responsibilities John Lewis do not use person specifications. These state the personal qualities and qualifications that the applicants need to do the job. John Lewis say they discuss these things but do not give them out to staff as official documents. At John Lewis jobs are split into sales or non-sales jobs. In the selling department there are actually four different levels of jobs: 1. Assistant Sales Cashier 2. Sales Cashier 3. Section Manager 4. Selling Department Manager The three jobs we are looking at are Sales Cashier, Section Manager and Selling Department Manager. As the jobs get higher up the scale there are more responsibilities to that job. 1. Job title: Sales Cashier-sports equipment department Responsible to: Department Manager Status: Non-Management I have chosen the sports equipment store to do my project on. The job description( in italics) is what has been set for the staff and the meaning next to it(non italics): * Provide courteous and informed customer service and sell the merchandise by knowing the stock and relating it to customer needs. This means that the partners in that department will have to know all of the stock what product is best for a peculiar purpose and whats the best product for the customers. (Not meaning the most expensive product). If the member of staff is slightly unsure which is the best product then he/she will get another member who would Know. * To maintain the housekeeping standards of the department by keeping the fixtures and displays clean and well stocked with a balanced assortment. This means that the partners will have to keep a regular check on the stock and make sure when one is sold the same item is replaced on the shelf. Also to check equipment is not tampered with. * To complete monetary and credit transactions within procedure outlined in Instruction for the use of Cash Registers * To maintain the housekeeping standards of the department by keeping the fixtures and displays. clean and well stocked with a balanced assortmen.t * To assist with the preparation and execution of stocktaking * * To maintain security of cash, cash registers, sales checks and stock within the department. This is to have a partner always around the tills so that nothing will happen. Be aware of shoplifters. * To observe the Partnerships written rules and regulations particularly in relation to general behaviour to colleagues, customers and others, standards of dress, security, stock handling, discount, fire and emergency procedures. * To carry out duties required regularly or occasionally, according to the circumstances and guidance of the Department Manager. * Benefits: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6 per hour depending on experience 2. Job title: Section Manager Responsible to Department Manager Main Purpose To assist in the management of the department by planning, organising and supervising the activities of the team; to ensure a high standard of service is maintained at all times. 1. Plan organise and supervise the activities of the team. (a) Plan and manage office floor cover. (b) Organise priorities and allocate tasks to match resources. (c) Review task completion against task allocation. (d) Coach on work performance to Partners. (e) Plan organise and supervise exceptional events as directed e.g. Stocktaking and Clearance. 2. Ensure Partners advise and sell to customers. (a) Monitor Partners selling skills. (b) Monitor Partners produce knowledge. (c) Encourage promotion of customer services. 3. Contribute to developing and maintaining customer service. (a) Develop and maintain positive relationships with customers. (b) Investigate and deal with customer complaints. (c) Control the procedure for dealing with complaints. (d) Maintain the Partnerships trading policy. (e) Identify, suggest and implement improvements to customer service. 4. Evaluate and monitor the receipt of payments from customers for goods and services. (a) Evaluate takings practices and procedures, (b) Monitor takings practices and processes at cash point. 5. Contribute to the continuous improvement of the department (a) Identify opportunities for solving problems and improving the department. (b) Recommend improvements for the department. Contribute to the implementation of improvements to the department. 6. Present and promote stock Maintain Partnerships display and merchandise standards. Organise, monitor and evaluate promotions of stock to increase sales. (c) Organise, monitor and evaluate the display of stock. 7. Maintain the availability of stock (a) Maintain stock availability. (b) Recommend measures to improve stock availability. (c) Monitor and assess stock levels against requirements. 8. Supervise the receipt and storage of goods (a) Supervise, organise and maintain stockholding areas. (b) Monitor and maintain stock movements. 9. Create, maintain and enhance productive working relationships (a) Create and enhance productive working relationships with your team and colleagues. (b) Maintain and enhance productive working relationships with your manager. (c) Identify and minimise conflict within your team. 10. Contribute to the training and development of your team. (a) Contribute to planning the training and development of your team. (b) Contribute to the training and development of your team. (c) Contribute to the assessment of training. (d) Take responsibility for your development. 11. Contribute to a secure safe and healthy workplace. (a) Implement procedures to maintain the security of cash and stock. (b) Monitor losses and investigate identified problems. (c) Assess and control risks to health and safety. (d) Implement procedures to deal with threats to security, health and safety. 12. Promote Partnership principles and practices. (a) Provide information to Partners on councils, committees and Partnership Social activities. (b) Maintain Partnership Rules and Regulations. (c) To assist with the preparation and execution of stocktaking. (d) To observe the Partnerships written rules and regulations particularly in relation to general behaviour to colleagues, customers, and others, standards of dress, security, stock handling, discount, fire and emergency procedures. (e) To carry out duties, required regularly or occasional, according to circumstances and guidance of Department Manager. 3. Job title: Selling Department Manager Responsible to : Head of Branch Main Purpose: To optimise sales, reputation and profitability of the department and branch through the management of resources and the development of Partners, ensuring we deliver quality customer service and exploit the opportunities presented by the merchandise. This is to be achieved within the spirit, policies and written regulations of the Partnership. 1. Maximise the sales performance of the department Use space and group merchandise effectively Offer the right stock Present stock to the best effect Ticket merchandise to aid customer selection Promote merchandise Maintain a clean and tidy, well stocked department Generate commercial awareness within the team 2. Contribute to the profitability of the selling department and branch by controlling wastage and costs Minimise known and unknown wastage Minimise costs to the department and branch 3. Maintain and improve customer service Evaluate performance against agreed standards of customer service Identify, agree and implement improvements to standards of customer service Manage and evaluate customer complaints and take steps to minimise them 4.Control the Stock Management System Monitor stock control information to ensure stock levels meet expected sales Establish and maintain the correct balance of stock assortment with buyers Evaluate the effectiveness of arrangements for receiving, marking off and distributing stock for the department Organise the stocktaking operation Monitor and control staffing resources within an agreed budget Plan and agree staff estimate and pay review Contribute to the selection of new recruits Monitor and control the department staff costs within estimate Encourage and maintain a learning and development culture for self, team and individuals to improve personal performance and achieve business objectives Take responsibility for own development and learning Develop section manager Develop the team Manage the development of individuals Support off the job learning opportunities to ensure Partners needs are identified and met Create, maintain and develop effective working relationships Establish and maintain trust and support of Parnters Establish and maintain positive relationship with branch and central management colleagues Identify and manage conflict Implement disciplinary and grievance procedures Provide support and guidance to deal with unacceptable performance Manage continuous improvement in the department Encourage Partners to contribute to the continuous improvement of the department. Visualise change Use stock control systems to develop our business Match stock to customer profiles Create administration systems to develop our business Raise Partners awareness of commercial developments Identify and manage proposals to improve the department Maintain the security, health and safety of the working environment Control and monitor all aspects of security for cash, stocks and Partners Organise, monitor and update Risk Assessment in the department Minimise risks to health and safety of Partners and customers Maintain and promote an interest in partnership principles and practices Encourage Partners to demonstrate a sense of responsibility as members of a democratically owned business Generate and sustain teams interest in, and knowledge of Partnership matters Maintain all Partnership Rules and Regulations and ensure individuals in team do likewise

Right, Wrong and Everything In Between Essay -- Ethics, Morality

In the fields of education and psychology, scholars generally advocate increased moral education in hopes of instilling in children a desire to develop their own character (Huitt, 2004; Nucci, 2008). Nucci (2008) argues that while all of the social concerns in the United States are not intrinsically moral, there exists a linkage between social issues and the decline of moral values. Claiming that the ongoing debate on morality in today’s youth relies too heavily on uninformed personal views, he urges the public to revisit the scholarly literature with its methodically conducted research (Nucci, 2008). Therefore, in order to further the development of society in the areas of moral responsibility and ethical behaviors, the need to investigate moral development of children, acknowledge a number of potential factors involved in this process, and ascribe points of its future direction becomes ever more time-sensitive. The following summary and discussion points derive from one-on-one observations and responses recorded from a multiracial 5-year-old boy in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania whose parents are both Christians. He was clinically interviewed in his house, specifically in his own room that he solely occupies, without the presence of his parents, who were in the dining room at the time. During my interview session, because he was familiar with setting and the objects within, frequent distractions arose, yet whenever the boy gave his response to the question or situation, he did so coherently. Similar to the study of 5- to 9-year-olds conducted by Wainryb et al. (2004), the interview initially probed the boy’s sense of right and wrong. The findings show that this boy encourages sharing and will report classmates to the teacher for... ...ited Berkowitz, M. W., & Grych, J. H. (1998). Journal of Moral Education, 27(3), 371-391. Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Huitt, W. (2004). Moral and character development. Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Kohlberg, L. (2008). The development of children’s orientations toward a moral order: I. Sequence in the development of moral thought. Human Development, 51(1), 8-20. Nucci, L. (2008). Moral development and moral education: An overview. Social and Moral Development and Education. Wainryb, C., Shaw, L. A., Langley, M., Cottam, K., & Lewis, R. (2004). Children’s thinking about diversity of belief in the early school years: Judgments of relativism, tolerance, and disagreeing persons. Child Development, 75(3), 687-703.

Humans are Responsible for Global Warming Essay -- environment, global

This essay offers a defense to the position that humans are responsible for global warming. What is Carbon Dioxide? Before attempting to answer any questions based on observations about carbon dioxide, taking a moment to identify the carbon dioxide helps to ensure a clear understanding of the element. According to Princeton University (n.d.), â€Å"carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, is a heavy odorless colorless gas formed during respiration and by the decomposition of organic substances†. This naturally occurring element is exists in the Earth’s atmosphere where it circulates between water, plants, soil and animals. Current Carbon Dioxide Levels Knowledge of carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere helps scientists understand how the gas affects Earth, its atmosphere and any potential global warming. Carbon dioxide levels, measured in parts per million (ppm), defines a unit of measure â€Å"as a measure of small levels of pollutants in air, water, body fluids, etc. Parts per million is the mass ratio between the pollutant component and the solution† (TET, n.d.). Rising every year since 1958, the current atmospheric carbon dioxide level is 396.81 ppm according to co2now.org (2014). Scientists believe that they only have a short amount of time to get this and other greenhouse gases under control before the planet crosses the point of no return. With a level of 396.81 ppm of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, one may wonder if this level is the highest level the Earth has seen in the last 450,000 years. According to the graph found at Planet Seed’s website (2014), this is the highest levels of carbon dioxide level recorded in that time. In fact, the graph clearly shows a spike in carbon dioxide levels in the last portion of the g... ...3). Overview of greenhouse gases. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ghgemissions/gases/co2.html Hilderman, R. (2011). Fossil fuel and atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Retrieved from http://www.motherearthnews.com/nature-and-environment/fossil-fuel-and-atmospheric-levels-of-carbon-dioxide.aspx Marshall, C. (2013). Small-scale U.S. lab experiment removes CO2 from atmosphere at relatively low cost. http://www.eenews.net/stories/1059981902 Planet Seed. (2014). Global climate change and energy CO2 and temperature change. Retrieved from http://www.planetseed.com/relatedarticle/co2-and-temperature-change Princeton University. (n.d.). WordNet search - 3.1. Retrieved from http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=co2 The Engineering Toolbox (TET). (n.d.). PPM - parts per million. Retrieved from http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ppm-d_1039.html

Discussing conflict theory in sport Essay

Americas favorite pastime is sport. Millions and millions of dollars have been spent publicizing sport, and on the same token millions and millions of dollars have also been spent watching it. Children grow up idolizing sport. Parents have been obsessed with sport. In Texas football is valued very high- from high school football to the NFL there is an obsession with the sport. The Dark side of the Game discusses a conflict theory perspective on the high stakes that surround the players in the NFL. Fame and fortune can be short lived for some players who are pursuing that American dream, and may be forced into retirement with their bodies left mangled and used up. The NFL is seen as pristine with cutting edge competition. The fact beyond the fiction is that the common person in society looks at sport with rose- colored glasses. It is no lie that some athletes do live out the life that they have dreamed of, but many also suffer by compromising their beliefs and morals. The Dark Side of the Game starts with the beginning aspects of playing in the NFL. The Combines,or the process by which the players are medically examined and given an intelligence test is the gateway to the NFL. Your health is a determining factor in whether your stock in the upcoming draft will drop. Next comes training camp. Most fans look forward to training camp; it is the time to get pumped up about the upcoming football season and watch your favorite teams get prepared. To an NFL player training camp can be a month of hot torture. Days start at seven in the morning and can end at nine at night, leaving players weak and tired and with a loss of appetite. Training camp is especially hard on the rookies. They are not used to the difference between college football and the NFL because they are no longer in the spotlight. Training camp also takes a physical and mental toll on the athletes mind and bodies. Repeating the schedule day after day physically breaks down the body. The injuries can start to build up and take a toll on the body. Being deprived from family and friends takes a mental toll on the body as well.  Some players might even try to get out of training camp, but the two things that might get you out for a day or two would be- death or having a baby. When the season begins playing with pain is usually a norm. Players always know the difference between pain and discomfort. Discomfort is seen as a constant state for a player, something like a bruised toe. Pain, on the other hand, is â€Å"the physical damage that is so extreme that the jolting messages sent from the injured area to the brain are just too much to be ignored, even during a game when your entire focus is on doing your job and winning.†(Green). While no one knows exactly how much pain tolerance one man has, it is still true that players have played with pain at some time or another. When the end of their career finally rolls around most players don’t just retire, they are told they are a financial burden to justify anymore. It is hard for them to just walk away from the game they call their career. They are spoiled with special treatment, attention, fame and fortune. When the party is over know one wants to leave. After reading Tim Greens book I thought he generally took a very negative approach to describing the NFL. Although I could never know what the NFL is like, it seems like it should be more affirmative than that. He started out describing training camp as a living hell, all the way to the two deaths that a football player dies with- the end of his career being the first. In my opinion, I believe that there are probably several players who did not get such a negative outlook on it. I believe it is probably the expectations that you set for the game itself. Everyone expects a red carpet for a professional athlete because of the money and fame they receive for doing something they love. Being a professional athlete is probably an emotional struggle for players between expectations and reality. The truth is that their choice is to play, and not one of them would have it any other way. The book I read is a conflict theorist perspective. Green takes all of the negative aspects of life in the NFL and explains that the NFL does not serve as a function, but more or less a struggle. He does not believe that all functions in the NFL are good or productive, therefore he doesn’t believe that the NFL contributes to overall well being to the players. There are several examples of exploitation of players, such as the media and the broadcast booth. Green also goes on to say that the NFL meets the goals of the powerful by describing such things like the salary cap or the â€Å"uniform police†. Overall this book covers several negative aspects of football that the average fan would not think twice about. Millions of little boys dream about being a professional athlete, and a small percentage will become one. Despite the conflicts represented in this book, I believe that for a majority of people, life in the NFL is dream that few will ever know. Bibliography Green, Tim. The Dark Side Of The Game.

Comparing web applications Essay

It’s the technology used for how web browsers submit forms and interact with programs on the server. It’s used for simple interactive applications and can be used with any programming language. CGI applications are often called â€Å"CGI Scripts†, they run in the server not in the web browser, and they must follow server requirements for running applications. ISAPI: It’s an N-tier API of IIS and consists of two components: extensions and filters. These are the only two types of applications that can be developed using ISAPI, they must be compiled into DLL files which are then registered with IIS to be run on the web server. ISAPI extensions are true applications that run on IIS, ISAPI filters are used to modify or enhance the functionality provided by IIS. SSI: It is a tool that you can use to eliminate repetitive types of information on your web pages. It is a file the server includes in a web page before sending it out to a browser. It uses headers, navigation panels, and footers. It’s useful because you only need to change one file and every web page using that element picks up the update. ASP: This technology allows a web server to change the information that is  presented to the visitor in a website based on different criteria. It is a scripting language that is embedded in a code on the page that the web server can look at to change the information on the webpage. It works similar to HTML. ASP.NET: ASP.NET is a web application framework developed by Microsoft to build dynamic data driven Web applications and Web services. ASP.NET is a subset of .NET framework, a framework is a collection of classes, and ASP.NET is the successor to classic ASP. ASP.NET web pages, known officially as Web Forms, are the main building blocks for application development, and these web forms are contained in files with a â€Å".aspx† extension. References: Zacker, C. (2009). Lesson 7: Deploying Web Applications. Windows server 2008 applications infrastructure configuration (70-643) (). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. http://itt.coursesmart.com/9781118550861/firstsection#X2ludGVybmFsX0J2ZGVwRmxhc2hSZWFkZXI/eG1saWQ9OTc4MTExODU1MDg2MS8xMTc Internet Server Application Programming Interface. (2014, July 5). Wikipedia. Retrieved May 12, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Server_Application_Programming_Interface

Literary Analysis: Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet as a Historical Fiction Essay

In Jamie Ford’s historical fiction Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet, this split narrative focuses on two eras: 1942 and 1986. Within these era’s, Ford’s novel focuses on a Chinese boy, Henry Lee, and what it was like to grow up in the international district with prejudice everywhere, especially in his own family being a first generation American. His novel tells the story of Henry, as well as a Japanese girl by the name of Keiko. The novel tells the story of these two young friends and the hardships faced when the government sends Keiko and her family away to the Japanese internment camps in the Northwest in the 1940’s. His novel displays the effects of the prejudice held against the Japanese during the 1940’s wartime, and the effects it had on the lives of not only those Japanese, but also all Americans, Chinese and other nationalities. We use Anne Scott MacLeod’s essay â€Å"Rewriting History† as a framework while reading Ford’s Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet. â€Å"Rewriting History† is a persuasive essay giving criteria of a â€Å"good† Historical Fiction vs. â€Å"bad† Historical Fiction. This essay focuses on three of MacLeod’s criteria for a â€Å"good† Historical Fiction: not rewarding rebellion, not appealing to â€Å"modern sensibilities†, and not overcoming social mores easily. Ford’s novel Hotel on the Corner of Biter and Sweet successfully meets MacLeod’s requirements for a â€Å"good† historical fiction in many ways, although, there are some flaws in a couple of his historical facts, nevertheless, the â€Å"good† historical facts and information in Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet out ways the few historical flaws. First of all, Ford makes sure to give Henry consequences to his rebellious acts; something MacLeod says many â€Å"bad† historical fictions do not do, they only reward with happy endings. Secondly, Ford uses racial discriminations that would have been used back in the 1940’s; another thing MacLeod says that â€Å"bad† historical fiction accommodates to, making it non-offensive and politically correct for the readers. In addition, Henry does not easily overcome the social mores of 1942; again something MacLeod says that â€Å"bad† historical fiction makes it seem easy to overcome the social mores of the era. First of all, meeting MacLeod’s criteria for a â€Å"good† historical fiction†, Ford’s novel does not â€Å"make overt rebellion seem nearly painless and nearly always successful†. Ford displays this when Keiko is taken away Henry keeps some of her belongings safe under his dresser, as well as when Henry sneaks into two different Japanese internment camps searching for Keiko. Though this rebellion seems rewarded at first, as we continue reading we see how, by going to the internment camps and keeping Keiko’s belongings, Henry unknowingly starts a chain of events leading to one, giant consequence. Because Henry keeps Keiko’s belonging, and later writes her letters, his mother finds out and tells Henry’s father. Henry comes home one day and finds his parents at the kitchen table waiting for him with all of Keiko’s pictures spread all over the table. Because of this, Henry’s father gives him a choice: walk out the door and no longer be part of the family or stay and forget about Keiko. In the end Henry chooses to follow his heart and leaves his family (182-185). This forever affects the relationship between Henry and his father, even on his father’s deathbed. Secondly, according to MacLeod’s standard, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction by not appealing to â€Å"modern sensibilities, so that protagonists experience their own societies as though they were time-travelers, noting racism, sexism, religious bigotry, and outmoded beliefs as outsiders, not as people of and in their cultures. † Ford uses dialect in his novel consisting of racial slurs and comments that would have been used back in the 1940’s. Ford doesn’t accommodate to readers by making the book non-offensive or politically correct. Ford makes the book historically correct as possible. Thirdly, by MacLeod’s criteria, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction by not â€Å"set[ing] aside the social mores of the past as though they were minor afflictions, small obstacles, easy—and painless—for an independent mind to overcome†. This is displayed near the beginning of the book after Chaz, the bully, snatches Henry’s â€Å"I am Chinese† pin off of his shirt. While walking away Keiko tries to grab Henry’s hand for comfort, but he pushes it away thinking, â€Å"My father would fall over dead†¦ And in town, someone would see us† (23). Ford made the transition of Henry opening up to Keiko take time; they didn’t become immediate friends. Ford makes sure to make the relationship between Keiko and Henry plausible. They both are ‘scholarshipping’ at an all-white school and met working in the school kitchen, as payment for scholarshipping. Their connection is somewhat immediate, yet their relationship progresses slowly. Fourthly, according to MacLeod’s standard, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction by not omitting â€Å"the less attractive pieces of the past to make . . . arratives meet current social and political preferences†. The 1940’s for the Japanese-Americans were dark times; Hotel on the Corner of Bitter and Sweet does anything but omit these facts. From the harsh realities of the hatred between the Chinese and the Japanese displayed between Henry’s father, Henry, and Keiko, to the removal of the Japanese, Ford’s novel spares no â€Å"less attractive piece of the past† to make this novel appealing to the average human in this generation. Ford makes sure to put historical fact ahead of the appealing story’s fiction. Lastly, Ford’s novel is a â€Å"good† historical fiction, by MacLeod’s criteria, because It does not imply that â€Å"people of another time either understood or should have understood the world as we do now. † Though Henry and Keiko had an unusual relationship that most Chinese and Japanese children in the 1940’s wouldn’t have had, it isn’t entirely implausible. Think of it like this†¦ The world is always changing, so how does it change? Someone has to be the one to make those changes happen. We don’t have the same view of the Japanese, or any race for that matter, that we did in past generations. So again, what changed? Obviously Ford’s novel is under the category of ‘fiction’ and the actions of Henry didn’t have this amazing effect of the 1940’s that changed history forever†¦ However, someone’s actions, somewhere in the 1940’s, affected history. This fact makes the relationship between Henry and Keiko, as well as Ford’s novel as a whole, historically plausible. In conclusion Ford’s novel has an overwhelming amount of evidence backing up the hypothesis that his novel is a â€Å"good† work of historical fiction by MacLeod’s standard. Though the end of the novel rewards you with a cheesy, sappy love story ending, something slightly implausible, Ford does his best he can to keep the history in this ‘historical fiction’ factual and true. Over all this novel is a highly plausible, and by MacLeod’s criteria, a â€Å"good† work of Historical Fiction. Ford’s novel is also a reminder of the injustice against the Japanese-Americans during the wartime of the 1940’s and cautions us to never let ourselves as a people treat anyone we see as ‘different’ with the prejudice we so easily treated the Japanese with.

Microbiology lab report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Microbiology - Lab Report Example Thus, bacterial identification is the foremost step to accomplish further investigation procedures. The three preliminary steps for the analysis procedure comprise principal isolation, staining and biochemical reactions as the sample may contain diverse microorganism belonging to different species. Identification is based on the kind of Gram reaction shown by the organism. This is the most significant staining, also called differential staining performed to categorize microbial population into two groups the Gram positive and Gram negative organisms. The reaction displays the characteristic of the cell wall of the bacterial species. If the bacterial species possess thick peptidoglycan layer, it displays Gm +ve differential staining and if the microorganism possesses thin or single layer of peptidoglycan, it takes up the counter stain Safranin of the Gram reaction. Counter stain Safranin is added to the reaction after washing the Gram stain with alcohol. Since, Gram positive organisms possessing thick peptidoglycan retains the stain while Gram negative organisms possess thin peptidoglycan cell wall becomes colorless and therefore takes up the counter stain when stained with Safranin. The given sample displayed Gm-ve character of the organism. The cellular morphology is rod shaped (â€Å"Analytical solution for laboratories†; â€Å"Antimicrobial Therapy†; William, 2000). Part 2 MAC plate- Pink Color is observed on the culture plate, indicating that the unknown organism is lactose fermenting. Triple sugar iron agar test (TSI)- TSI contains glucose, sucrose and lactose together with iron and phenyl red as a pH indicator. On fermentation of sugar, the pH of the medium changes indicated by the color change from red to yellow. Sodium thiosulfate present in the medium is reduced to H2S which in turn reacts with the ferric ions to give sulfide of iron which turns the medium black. In the present condition the isolate is capable of fermenting Lactose and al so produces H2S (William, 2000). Imvic test TSI test is followed by Imvic test, to test the ability of the strain to produce enzyme tryptophanase. Unknown culture is unable to produce the enzyme typtophanase (William, 2000). Hydrogen sulfide test The unknown sample is able to produce H2S. Urease test Urease enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of urea to generate CO2 and ammonia. The unknown culture shows the presence of urease enzyme as indicated by the pink color (William, 2000). Motility indole ornithine (MIO) test MIO is a semisolid medium which is used to test the motility of the given organism. The medium contains indole and ornithine. No change in color was observed as the medium remained yellow indicating negative indole test. On the other hand, deep purple color was obtained indicating positive test for ornithine. Further, diffused growth was observed, which extended from the stab line forming cloudiness displaying the motile behavior of the organism (William, 2000). Ci trate test The unknown culture was grown on sodium citrate medium containing ammonium salts as the nitrogen source and bromothymol blue as the pH indicator. The test displays the ability to generate citritase enzyme, responsible for the breakdown of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetate. Sodium bicarbonate and ammonia are produced during the process which changes the pH of the medium, indicated through the change in color from green (neutral) color to blue (alkaline) (â€Å"

Human Resource Management at McDonald's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource Management at McDonald's - Essay Example Much of the time, employees are motivated by their working environment and thus some of these employees rise to top positions with in the company. Fairhurst claims that about 80% of service crews advance to store managerial positions, serving the company for 10 years on the average ("HR challenges... I'm lovin' It, 2005"). It is a fact that McDonald's is one of the top fastfood chains in the world, serving 50 million people daily in their 30,000 restaurants spread in over 119 countries worldwide. McDonald's actually started small by a certain Czech-American entrepreneur from the town of Plzen named Raymond Albert Kroc. Kroc was originally a salesman who sold five-spindled milk shakers called "Multi-mixers". His interest in providing fastfood to people was aroused when he heard of a hamburger stand in California that operates 8 Multi-mixers at a time in 1954 ("Mc Donald's History, n.d.") Kroc then met the McDonald brothers Dick and Mac, to which he immediately proposed the concept of a chain of fastfood restaurants named after themselves. Through the Kroc and the McDonald's brother's collaboration, the first McDonald's restaurant opened in Des Plaines in Illinois ("Fascinating Mc Facts, 2005"). Kroc then propagated the McDonald's chain through franchising, in which he is considered as one of the proponents of the system. Currently, 73% of McDonald's restaurants are owned by about 5,400 independent franchisees all over the world. McDonald's is also considered as a pioneer of specific menus and systems that cater to their specific clients ("Mc Donald's Corporate Responsibility Report"). One good thing about the franchise system allows the franchisees to handle restaurant operations and the workforce under them if they are trained and guided well. At present, McDonald's has a 1.6 million strong workforce, with only 398,000 people hired directly by the company. While each restaurant is responsible for individual policies they may have on bringing in, compensating and rewarding their employees, franchisees or independent owners, are required to promote a general set of "people practices" espoused by the company. This is checked through regular assessment of restaurant operations and recommendations by corporate specialists on training and research ("Mc Donald's Corporate Responsibility Report 2004 (Supplement)") 60% of McDonald's employees (or "crew" as they are commonly called) is 16-21 years old. The average crew member handles such tasks as cleaning the floors, waiting tables, cooking etc., garnering free meals and other benefits while earning by the hour. For most of the crew, employment at McDonald's is their first step into the "real world" and although some may leave the company for another job some stay in the company at an average of 1.6 years ("Tootelian, n.d.") This employee loyalty is attributed to the company's excellent Human Resources training and policies which specifically targets the development of basic workplace skills and attitudes among its employees. As the crew gains experience, they are given opportunities to be assimilated into the company to handle leadership and management roles while some may move on to other companies. Company personalities such as Mc

Renewable energy source Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Renewable energy source - Essay Example Passive solar methods consist of orienting a building to the sun, selecting materials with positive heat mass or mild scattering qualities, and developing areas that normally clear of the flow of air. Solar energy is the transformation of light from the sun into power either by photovoltaics (PV), or ultimately using focused solar (CSP). Concentrated solar techniques use contacts or showcases and monitoring techniques to focus a large area of sunshine into a small ray. Commercial focus on solar plants was first developed in the 1980s. Photovoltaics turn mild into electricity using the photoelectric effect. Photovoltaics is an important and relatively affordable energy source where lines energy is affordable to link, or simply not available. However, as the cost of solar power is dropping, solar is also progressively used in grid-connected situations to nourish low-carbon energy into the lines. The development of affordable, endless and clean solar energy technological innovation will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through dependency on natural, endless and mostly import-independent resource, improve durability, reduce contamination, reduced the expenses of mitigating international warming, and keep non-renewable energy prices reduced than otherwise (Tiwari &Â  Mishra 78). These advantages are international. Hence the additional expenses of the rewards for early implementation should be considered learning investments; they must be smartly spent and need to be widely

The Dragonfly Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Dragonfly Film Analysis - Essay Example This "The Dragonfly Film Analysis" describes the general characteristic of the short movies and "The Dragonfly" movie. The film begins with the young boy seen running through a long hallway and down a series of stairs, through a parking garage and into a darkened park. There is then a sudden flashback to this same boy lying on his stomach on his bed and drawing. The film then begins to jump back and forth between the boy running in the present and moving about his room in the very recent past. In this past, he is seen several times looking out at the night and the full moon that seems to float just outside his reach, most often from the outside ground perspective. This has the effect of reducing the boy to a tiny lonely face peering out of a single lit window among a bank of darkened windows. As the boy reaches the safety of the playground, the flashbacks illustrate the boy’s caretakers coming home, obviously drunk and stumbling, and beginning to argue as they push their way u p the narrow stairs. This is what caused the boy to run. The film ends as the boy swings on a swing to try to touch the moon and magically transforms himself into a glittering green dragonfly that flutters away into the night. The pace of the film is deliberate and quick. With only a five minute duration, it is necessary for the story to be told quickly and there is not a lot of time for excess dialogue. The boy is seen running through much of the film, giving it a stronger sense of urgency in its approach in addition its short duration.

Child Abuse Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Child Abuse Paper - Essay Example (Roberts) It is both shocking and disheartening that the abuse of children, despite the legal sanctions in place in every part of the world, is still so rampant. This paper will attempt to discuss the history of child abuse, the different forms of the crime and the punishment set for abusers. Historical Background Throughout history, children have been abused and neglected. This is said to be a result of the low value placed on children. (Weisberg) The maltreatment of children has its roots in ancient times. Two examples from the Bible that stand out are when a Pharaoh orders babies to be killed during Moses’ time and when King Herod instructs the killing of infants during Christ’s birth. It is said that children were considered â€Å"property† in ancient times and were easily sold, mutilated, killed or used as sacrifice for the gods. (Volpe) This disregard for children continued until the Middle Ages. During this period, unwanted children served as apprentices w hile those with deformities were declared omens of evil and were killed. (Child Abuse) Parents and even teachers in the Medieval Period believed that beating the child was the norm for instilling discipline. (Snell) Because society did not see it wrong parents teach their children by way of spanking or hitting the latter, most of the reported cases of child abuse were between masters and servants, who were children. (Child Abuse) The case of Mary Allen McCormack in 1874 was the first time a victim of child abuse was brought out in the open. McCormack had been given up for adoption and was physically abused by her adoptive mother until her neighbors brought her case to the Department of Public Charities and Corrections. (Markel) Ironically, the case was initiated by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals as there were no laws to protect children from physical abuse inflicted by parents. Fortunately, the case triggered movements for the formulation and enforceme nt of laws to rescue and protect abused children. (Watkins) Forms of Child Abuse According to the World Health Organization, child abuse and neglect is defined as â€Å"all forms of physical and emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, and exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, development or dignity.† (Child Maltreatment) Physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and negligent treatment, emotional abuse and exploitation are the five types of child abuse. Each of these may be described in various ways in different nations. In the United States for example, although the Federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) gives the minimum criterion for physical child abuse, child neglect, and sexual abuse, it also only defines sexual abuse and special cases concerning withholding or failing to provide medically indicated treatment. (Pecora, et. al.) Physical abuse is generally inflicting bodily harm to a child when in anger. The trauma should be non-accidental. This is also referred to battered child syndrome. People who beat children are often those abused themselves when they were young. Nevertheless, alcoholism, domestic violence, drug abuse, lack of education, poverty and being a single parent can increase the risk of abuse. (Child Abuse -